64results about How to "Inhibit crystal growth" patented technology

A water-dispersed inkjet recording liquid excellent in water resistance and transparency and also excellent in the property of ejection from a nozzle, containing, as a colorant, a water-based dispersion of an organic pigment (A) which is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a quinacridone pigment, a benzimidazolone pigment, an insoluble azo pigment, a fuzed azo pigment, a quinophthalone pigment, a naphthol pigment, a perylene pigment and an isoindolinone pigment and has an average particle diameter of 10 to 150 nm (measured by laser scattering), the water-based dispersion of the organic pigment (A) being obtained by mechanically kneading a mixture containing at least three components of the organic pigment (A), a water-soluble inorganic salt (B) in an amount by weight at least three times as large as the amount of the organic pigment (A) and a water-soluble solvent (C) to finely mill the organic pigment (A), and then removing the water-soluble inorganic salt (B) and the water-soluble solvent (C) by washing the kneaded mixture with water, and a process for the production thereof.

Low dosage naphthenate inhibitors, such as a surfactant or hydrotrope, delivered into production fluids for contact with mixtures of oil and water, such as in a hydrocarbon producing formation, production equipment, or processing systems. Inhibitor compounds such as monophosphate esters and diphosphate esters exhibit surface-active properties that cause the inhibitors to self-associate at oil-water interfaces and inhibit interactions between organic acids in the oil with cations or cation complexes in the water. These compounds also inhibit aggregation of organic acid carboxylate salts that form when pH and pressure conditions are amenable to organic acid ionization. Preferred inhibitors do not form emulsions due to the formation of unstable mixed interface structures that result in coalescence of dispersed droplets. Naphthenate inhibitor compound dosages of less than 100 ppm can effectively inhibit naphthenate salts or other organic acid salts that can form precipitates or emulsions during crude oil production or processing.

The present invention provides a thin film-forming method by which, even when a thin film containing a crystalline metal oxide as the main component is formed over a wide area within a short time utilizing a thermal decomposition method, the thickness of the thin film becomes relatively uniform. A thin film-forming method of the present invention includes forming a thin film using a raw material containing a chloride of a metal, and prior to the forming of the thin film, 1) disposing metal-containing particles on the substrate, or 2) forming, at a film deposition rate slower than a film deposition rate for the thin film, a metal-containing thin film on the substrate, and wherein, in the case of the step 2), the thin film containing the metal oxide as the main component is directly formed on the metal-containing thin film.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous carbon born nano ferrite wave-absorbing material, comprising the following two main processes: firstly, preparing the mixture of porous carbon materials and dry gel; and secondly, calcining the obtained mixture of porous carbon materials and dry gel under the nitrogen atmosphere, wherein calcination comprises the following steps: placing the dried mixture of porous carbon materials and dry gel into a porcelain boat; arranging the porcelain boat at the center of a quartz tube in a horizontal reacting furnace, raising the temperature of the reacting furnace to 600-650 DEG C under the nitrogen atmosphere, and holding the temperature for one hour; reducing the temperature of a reaction tube to the room temperature through cooling under the protection of nitrogen after reaction; and obtaining the products in the porcelain boat, namely the novel porous carbon born ferrite wave-absorbing material. According to the method, the enlargement of crystallization of ferrite particles and the soft agglomeration of nano ferrite can be avoided by utilizing the special characteristics and functions of the pore structure of the porous carbon material; and the porous carbon born ferrite is firmer and hard to fall.

In a spark plug composed of a center electrode and an earth electrode, at least one of confronting portions of the center electrode and the earth electrode which are in opposed relation to each other is constructed with a noble metal chip containing Pt as a principal component. The noble metal chip is joined to an electrode base material of the center electrode or the earth electrode and is made of an alloy comprising Pt and another element. In this noble metal chip, Pt is contained as a first component, while Re is contained as a second component. The employment of this noble metal chip enables suppressing the growth of platinum balls even in a high-temperature atmosphere.

The invention discloses a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-polyethylene glycol polymer solid electrolyte material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving trimethoxy silane and concentrated hydrochloric acid in an organic solvent with polarity of 5-7, conducting stirring and polymerizing at a controlled temperature to obtain polyhedraloligomeric silsesquioxane with a surface grafted with sulfydryl, further conducting process to obtain pure polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane with a surface grafted with sulfydryl, blending the purepolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane with a surface grafted with sulfydryl and polyethylene glycol with a single-side double-bond end-capped, adding a photoinitiator and lithium salt into the blend,and performing cross-linking polymerization by ultraviolet irradiation to obtain the polymer solid electrolyte material. According to the invention, the whole process flow of the key preparation process, the reaction conditions of each step and the like are optimized to form an organic block polymer solid electrolyte material; compared with the prior art, the ionic conductivity and the mechanicalproperty of the electrolyte material are improved; the preparation process is simple and easy to implement; and no pollution is generated by ultraviolet polymerization.

A GaN substrate formed with a substrate, a first GaN layer, a first preventing film, a second GaN layer, and a second preventing film. The first GaN layer is formed on the substrate, and includes a plurality of stripe portions which form at least one first groove between adjacent ones of the plurality of stripe portions. The second GaN layer is formed over the substrate and the first GaN layer. The first preventing film is arranged on upper surfaces of the plurality of stripe portions, and prevents crystal growth of a GaN layer in a vertical up direction from the upper surfaces of the plurality of stripe portions. The second preventing film is arranged on at least one bottom surface of the at least one first groove, and prevents crystal growth of a GaN layer in a vertical up direction from the at least one bottom surface.

In the Na flux method, a target semiconductor layer is separated from a sapphire substrate of a template substrate. The template substrate formed of the sapphire substrate and a GaN layer is placed in a Ga—Na molten mixture. The temperature the molten mixture and the nitrogen pressure are adjusted to 850° C. and 2.5 MPa, respectively. Under the conditions, a part of the GaN layer is melted back until the surface of the sapphire substrate is exposed, so that the remaining portion of the GaN layer is left in the form of a plurality of upright columns. Then, the pressure is elevated to 3 MPa, whereby a target GaN layer is grown on the processed GaN layer. Through lowering temperature, stress due to the difference in linear expansion coefficient and lattice constant between sapphire and GaN is generated, to thereby generate cracks in the processed GaN layer. By virtue of the cracking, the target GaN layer is separated from the sapphire substrate.

A composition in the form of a dry powder and which comprises: a) at least one membrane lipid, and b) at least one biologically active compound comprising a xanthine and/or a carboxylic acid, and which forms structured lipid assemblies when dispersed/dissolved in an aqueous medium. A method of preparing such a composition is also provided, together with a dispersion of structured lipid assemblies suspended in a solution of at least one biologically active compound and a method of preparing the same. The compositions and dispersions are suitable for use in creams and lotions for skin care.

The present invention provides a method for producing a pigment composition for a printing ink, which involves the step of dry-milling crude copper phthalocyanine using calcium carbonate having a specific property; a pigment composition for a printing ink; and a method for producing a printing ink using the pigment composition. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing a pigment composition for a printing ink, which involves the step of dry-milling crude copper phthalocyanine and calcium carbonate having a primary particle diameter of 20 to 1500 nm in the absence of a resin for a printing ink; a pigment composition produced by the method; and a method for producing a printing ink, which includes the steps of heating a mixture of a pigment composition, a resin for a printing ink and a solvent for the printing ink, and wet-milling the heated mixture.

An optical path of a temperature sensor is set to pass through an observation window of a crystal growth furnace and be aimed at a boundary portion of the inner surface of a crucible and the surface of molten liquid, so that electric signals sent from the sensor and subjected to photo-electric conversion are monitored in a crystal growing period to obtain a temperature change of the boundary portion, thus suppressing the temperature of the portion in a certain range to facilitate stable crystal growth. For crystal growth, super-cooled advancement makes the crystal growth starting from the wallof the crucible (8) unsuitable for large crystal growth. For the temperature of a boundary line (9) between the wall of the crucible (8) and the molten liquid (13), the temperature sensor (1) is aimed at the boundary line (9) through the observation window (11) to monitor the temperature, and before a temperature zone for beginning of crystal growth starting from the wall of the crucible (8), signals are sent from a control unit (4) to a power supply (5) to raise the temperature of the furnace, thus suppressing crystal growth starting from the wall of the crucible (8) and safely producing large-aperture crystals.

A reflective optical element 39 for EUV wavelengths having a layer arrangement on the surface of a substrate, wherein the layer arrangement includes at least one layer subsystem 37 consisting of a periodic sequence of at least one period of individual layers. The period includes two individual layers having different refractive indices in the EUV wavelength range. The substrate has a variation of the density of more than 1% by volume at least along an imaginary surface 30 at a fixed distance of between 0 μm and 100 μm from the surface. Also, the substrate is protected against long-term aging or densification by EUV radiation either with a protective layer, with a protective layer subsystem of the layer arrangement, or with a correspondingly densified surface region 35 of the substrate.

A ceramic gas discharge metal halide (CDM) lamp (10) capable of retrofitting into existing high pressure iodide (HPI) metal halide and high pressure mercury vapor (HP) lamp fixtures for significient energy savings, the CDM lamp (10) having a ceramic discharge vessel (12) containing a pair of discharge electrodes (17, 18), a Penning mixture of the rare gases neon and argon, and a chemical fill which includes an oxygen dispenser and which restricts strong oxygen binders to 5 mole percent or less. In a preferred embodiment, the discharge vessel (12) has an aspect ratio R of less than 2, a wall thickness t of up to 1.2 mm, a spacing d between the discharge electrodes (17, 18) of up to 14 mm, and a passive antenna (26) on the outer wall of the discharge vessel (12), with the shortest distance a between a discharge electrode (17, 18) and the floating antenna (26) of up to 7 mm.

The invention discloses a natural product scale-inhibition dispersant and a preparation method thereof. The scale-inhibition dispersant is composed of starch, tannin, lignosulfonate and water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding starch in water for dissolving, stirring, heating for 20-30 minutes, adding tannin and sodium lignosulfonate, and reacting for about 30 minutes to obtain the products. The natural product scale-inhibition dispersant can be used for industrial circulating water and a cooling water system, is naturally degraded, and has no secondary pollution on environment.

Disclosed is a process for producing a secondary battery cathode material by calcining raw materials. The process is characterized by calcining the raw materials together with one or more substances, which are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, water and water vapor, and conductive carbon and/or a substance, which can form conductive carbon by pyrolysis, added thereto. As crystals of the secondary battery cathode material obtained by this process have been controlled fine sizes, the secondary battery cathode material promotes movements of ions of an alkali metal led by lithium between the interiors of grains of the cathode material and an electrolyte to suppress polarization in an electrode reaction, and further, increases an area of contact between the positive material and a conductivity-imparting material to provide improved conductivity so that improvements are assured in voltage efficiency and specific battery capacity.

A nanoparticle aqueous dispersion in which nanoparticles are dispersed in water is produced through a method including a step of freeze-drying a frozen sample of a liquid mixture of a first solution and a second solution and a step of dispersing the freeze-dried sample in water. In this method, the liquid mixture contains an active ingredient and an ointment base, the first solution includes contains an organic solvent as its solvent, and the second solution contains water as its solvent. The method, which is arranged as such, can provide an aqueous composition containing nanoparticles dispersed therein and usable stably as an aqueous dispersion preparation.

The present invention provides an aqueous suspended agricultural chemical composition comprising an agricultural chemical active ingredient, an alkyl naphthalene sulfonate formalin condensate and one or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of an alkyl sulfate, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether sulfate, an alkyl phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid and a salt thereof, and a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether acetic acid and a salt thereof. The aqueous suspended agricultural chemical composition suppresses the crystal growth of the agricultural chemical active ingredient, and has an excellent effect on pest control and an excellent storage stability.

A liquid-phase growth apparatus for growing a crystal on a substrate includes a crucible containing a solution that contains a raw material for forming the crystal, and a substrate holder for vertically holding the substrate. The substrate holder includes connectors, a receiving component, and a push component. The receiving component and the push component are opposite to each other and are connected by the connectors. The push component holds an upper portion of the substrate while the receiving component holds a lower portion of the substrate. The substrate holder containing the vertically held substrate is dipped into the solution. The receiving component ascends with buoyancy in the solution contained in the crucible, so that the substrate is now held securely and prevented from cracking due to thermal expansion.

The invention relates to a preparation method for nano M(BF4)n powder, which comprises: dissolving excess dried BF3 into organic solvent to mix with dried anhydrous MFn powder by the ratio 1:1.1-1:2.5; putting into sealed stainless steel tank with diameter as mm phi5:phi1:phi0.2=1:3:5 for high-energy grinding 50-70h as the chemical reaction equation MFn+nBF3->M(BF4)n; then, removing the steel by magnetic field, absorbing and volatilizing excess BF3 solution and solvent, and obtaining the product with size 50-80nm. This invention is simple and convenient to control, and has low cost and no pollution.