This invention relates to the field of elevator technology, and more particularly to an anomaly detection method for elevatorpolyurethane buffers based on millimeter-wave radar. The method includes: acquiring echo signals within a preset time window after the polyurethane buffer's compression and rebound by millimeter-wave radar; determining the target distance unit and generating a vibration displacement signal in the radar's line-of-sight direction; identifying intervals where the overall vibration envelope shows a decaying trend and extracting the damping response signal; implementing bistable stochastic resonance enhancement and variational mode decomposition to identify the target modalsignal; calculating damping characteristic indices using the target envelope amplitude and stiffness characteristic indices using the target phase to construct a health feature vector; and determining whether the obtained health feature vector lies within the constructed health reference space. Using non-contact millimeter-wave radar to acquire echo signals during the polyurethane buffer's rebound process allows for precise capture of phase changes caused by minute movements or vibrations of the target, resulting in high detection efficiency and safety.