83 results about "Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio" patented technology

A solid state fermentation (SSF) method is provided which is effective for both small- and large-scale fungal cultivation. Also provided is SSF media for fungal cultivation. The media preferably contains a carbon source and nitrogen source to provide a carbon to nitrogen ratio of about 5:1 to about 25:1 by weight. The media may also contain a vitamin and an inorganic substance. A preferred SSF medium contains malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, glucose, water, solid base, and calcium carbonate or gypsum. Before propagating fungal mycelia in the SSF medium, the mycelia may be pre-cultivated in a solid culture medium and then in a liquid medium. Although the SSF method can be used in growing most fungi, preferred fungi include Cordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Antrodia camphorata, Trametes versicolor, and Agaricus blazei. The SSF method not only produces high yield of fungi, but also stimulates the production of fungal metabolites, particularly the kinds with pharmaceutical and medicinal activities. Cordyceps sinensis is preferably grown to produce the active compound H1A which is a derivative of ergosterol.

The invention relates to a device and method for combined denitrification of anoxic-oxic (A/O) shortcut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation of late-stage landfill leachate, which belongs to the technical field of biological denitrification of low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio high-ammonia-nitrogen-concentration landfill leachate. The device is provided with a leachate original water tank, an A/O shortcut nitrification reactor, a settlement tank, and an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor. The leachate original water tank is connected to a first chamber, as an anaerobic area, of the A/O shortcut nitrification reactor, the settlement tank is connected to the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is provided with a self-circulation pipe and an effluent return pipe, and the effluent from the effluent return pipe returns to the A/O shortcut nitrification reactor. The method comprises starting the A/O shortcut nitrification reactor, starting the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor, allowing the A/O shortcut nitrification reactor and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor to operate serially, and diluting raw leachate by circulating the effluent from the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor. The inventive device and method are suitable for shortcut nitrification and denitrification of late-stage landfill leachate of landfills, and have remarkable effects on saving energy and reducing consumption. The method is advanced. The device has simple structure.

The invention discloses a constructed wetland for treating sewage with a low carbon nitrogen ratio by utilizing ores, and belongs to the technical field of water treatment. The constructed wetland comprises a water charging pipe, a water charging region, a water discharging region and a water discharging pipe, wherein the water charging pipe is connected with the water charging region; and the water discharging pipe is connected with the water discharging region. The constructed wetland further comprises a water distributing region, a soil layer and a filler region, wherein the water charging region, the water distributing region, the filler region and the water discharging region are sequentially connected; limestone is filled in the water charging region; pyrite and limestone are filled in the filler region; and the soil layer is arranged at the upper part of the filler region. The constructed wetland for treating the sewage with the low carbon nitrogen ratio by utilizing the ores, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, stable operation, low investment cost, convenience in management, attractive appearance and practicability and the like, the pyrite is used as a filler to carry out nitrogen and phosphorus removal, the resource utilization of the ores is realized, and the development prospect is good; and the constructed wetland is suitable for popularization and application.

The invention discloses a denitrifying bacterium and the application thereof. The denitrifying bacterium is named as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CM-NRD3, which has be preserved in the China center for type culture collection (CCTCC) in Wuhan university in November 12, 2012, and has the preservation number as CCTCC NO:M2012455. The invention further provides an application of the CCTCC M2012455 to biological denitrificaion in sewage or water. The strain has strong denitrification ability on trate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, can remove CODcr in the sewage or the water, is suitable for various nitrogen-polluted water qualities, can also be used for partial nitrification or denitrification process, can be applicable to biological denitrificaion treatment of water with low carbon to nitrogen ratio, and is beneficial to popularization and application.

The soil-less cultivating medium is produced with hickory shell as main material and through adding nitrogen to regulate C/N ratio to 25-30, adding fermenting bacteria seed via mixing, piling for fermentation of 50-60 days, sieving to obtain grains of size over 1 cm, drying to water content less than 30% and packing. The hickory shell has high organic matter content and high plant affinity, can strength the buffering property of medium and raise fertilizer keeping capacity, provide plant with rich potassium and trace elements and promote plant growth. What is most important is elimination the pollution of hickory shell.

The invention relates to a reinforceable denitrification nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal system based on multi-point water feeding and multi-mode operation, and belongs to the technical fieldof sewage treatment. The system comprises a pre-anaerobic pool, an anaerobic pool, a first anaerobic pool, a first oxic pool, a deoxygenation pool, a second anaerobic pool, a second oxic pool, an external carbon source adding system and a mixed liquid inner backflow system, wherein the pre-anaerobic pool, the anaerobic pool, the first anaerobic pool, the first oxic pool, a deoxygenation pool, thesecond anaerobic pool and the second oxic pool are sequentially connected. By aiming at the general phenomena of sewage treatment of high feeding CODcr and feeding TN concentration change, low C-N ratio and high-standard discharge, the deoxygenation pool and the second anaerobic pool are switched between two states of the oxic state and the anaerobic state so as to cope with the feeding quality change; the reasonable allocation and efficient utilization of the carbon source are realized through multi-point water feeding and external carbon source adding point optimization. The system has the advantages that the effluent quality is high; the carbon source utilization rate is high; the flexibility is high; the production operation cost is low, and the like.

The invention relates to an A2/O-MBR-biological contact oxidation pond dual-sludge high-efficiency denitrifying phosphorus removal device and method and belongs to the field of active sludge sewage treatment. The device mainly consists of a water tank (1), an A2/O (3), a membrane biological reactor (9) and a biological contact oxidation pond (7) which are sequentially connected; the method is characterized in that, according to a contradiction existing in sludge age between nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, on one hand, the nitrifying bacteria with a longer sludge age are elutriated out of an A2/O system by shortening the sludge age of the A2/O; on the other hand, the nitrifying bacteria grow on biological fillers in the biological contact oxidation pond in the form of biological membranes, nitrifying reaction is fully performed, electron acceptors in the anoxic zone of the A2/O are guaranteed to be sufficient, and necessary conditions are provided for denitrifying phosphorus removal. In addition, the A2/O and the biological contact oxidation pond are connected through the membrane biological reactor (MBR), and a very good dual-sludge system environment is guaranteed. The A2/O-MBR-biological contact oxidation pond dual-sludge high-efficiency denitrifying phosphorus removal device and method are applicable to low-carbon-to-nitrogen-ratio urban sewage treatment, the process is advanced, the outlet water quality is stable and the advantages of energy saving and consumption reduction are remarkable.

The invention discloses a spectral index constructing method for detecting carbon nitrogen ratios of canopy leaves of crops. The method comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining hyperspectral original reflectivity data of crop canopies within the waveband range of 500-910 nm; (2) figuring out a relative reflectivity by using the obtained original reflectivities of the crop canopies; (3) figuring out gradients of a relative reflectivity spectrum curve within three sub waveband ranges of 500-550 nm, 680-760 nm and 760-910 nm; and (4) constructing a spectral index RCN for detecting the carbon nitrogen ratios of the canopy leaves of the crops. Through the adoption of the spectral index constructed according to the invention in detecting the carbon nitrogen ratios of the canopy leaves of the crops, the influences of lighting condition differences on the detection of the carbon nitrogen ratios can be eliminated and the problem that adjacent wavelength reflectivities of the existing spectral index are related in height can be also avoided.

An anaerobic lagoon wastewater treatment system, which includes a plurality of wastewater treatment zones. The treatment zones are either formed by providing a plurality of separate lagoons or by providing one or more partitioning elements within one lagoon. One or more treatment zones may also be provided in the form of a tank. The first wastewater treatment zone in the direction of wastewater flow has a smaller volume than the second wastewater treatment zone. Further, the first wastewater treatment zone achieves a significant reduction in fat, oil and grease removal, as well as in total suspended solids removal, but only a modest reduction in biological oxygen demand. An effluent from the first wastewater treatment zone is mixed with an effluent from the second wastewater treatment zone such that a predetermined ratio of carbon to nitrogen is maintained within the mixture of first and second effluents.

The invention discloses a method for determining carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio sample. The method comprises the following specific steps: a plant, soil or sediment sample is dried, ground through a sieve mesh, wrapped in a tin cup, and detected by elemental analyzer-stable isotope mass spectrometer. An excessive carbon dioxide signal in the high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio sample can be suppressed by the shunting effect of He on a sample gas, so that the ratio of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio sample can be rapid and accurately detected, the result is accurate, the reproducibility is good, and the method is efficient.

The invention discloses a method for remedying filamentous expanded aerobic granular sludge in the wastewater treatment process in the technical field of environmental protection and resource integration - water pollution prevention and control. The method adopts feeding and specific operation conditions to selectively enrich zoogloeae to remedy filamentous expanded aerobic granular sludge. The method comprises the steps of: firstly providing culture conditions which facilitate the growth of zoogloeae in the granular sludge, i.e. improving inlet water concentration of an aerobic granular sludge reactor through feeding, so as to regulate inlet water chemical oxygen demand (COD) to 1000-1500mg/L and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) to 6.7-10; then setting a sequencing batch mode with a certain operation cycle to guarantee sludge load to reach 1.0-1.5g COD/g SS.d; and finally using shearing force provided by high aeration intensity (4-7L/min) to strengthen the falling of filamentous bacteria on the surface of the granular sludge and draining the falling suspended filamentous bacteria out of the reactor at a water drainage stage. By adopting the method, the sludge volume index (SVI) of the filamentous expanded granular sludge can be decreased to 20-40ml/g from a value above 50ml/g, and the stable structure, the settling property and the wastewater treatment capacity of the granular sludge can be restored.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a polyethyleneimine functional multi-branched nanometer triangular Pt catalyst. According to the method, polyethyleneimine is used as a transmission medium of a guiding agent, a stabilizing agent, functional high molecules and H<+> protons; the pH value is regulated to the proper value; hydrazine hydrate is used as a reducing agent; a method of performing heating in a water solution is used for reducing PtCl4<2-> into the polyethyleneimine functional multi-branched nanometer triangular Pt catalyst with regular shape and high yield. The prepared Pt catalyst has the unique three-dimensional structure and surface structure; in addition, the used polyethyleneimine is a macromolecular amine polymer with the smallest carbon to nitrogen ratio; the transmission efficiency of the H<+> proton is greatly improved through the rich -NH<3+> on the surface, so that good catalysis activity is shown on the HER. The preparation method of the polyethyleneimine functional multi-branched nanometer triangular Pt catalyst has the advantages that the preparation method is simple and economical; the method is suitable for industrial mass production.

The invention discloses a solar energy-based rotary garden waste composting device. The device includes a support system, a rainwater collection system, a composting system and a solar power generation system. The device can move and fix a compost bin as needed, and can detect changes in the physical and chemical indicators in the composting process in order to easily timely adjust the supply of oxygen and water and accelerate the composting process. The device uses the solar power generation system to supply power to a sensor, and provides a water source for the compost bin through the rainwater collection system, so the cost is reduced, the resource utilization rate is improved, and the device is green, and environmentally friendly. A detachable separator plate between a left compostingchamber and a right composting chamber can realize the mixing of materials in the left composting chamber and the right composting chamber in different fermentation stages in order to adjust a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, the above rotary box body design makes the device realize uncovering-free stirring, avoid the loss of heat and gas, improve the composting efficiency and shorten the composting cycle.

The invention belongs to the technical field of producing and processing of agricultural industries, and relates to an earthworm breeding method through a photovoltaic facility (a photovoltaic multi-span greenhouse). The earthworm breeding method comprises the following steps: preparing a field, preparing a feed, preparing an appliance, stocking earthworms, managing feeding and harvesting the earthworms. According to the invention, agricultural wastes, landscaping wastes and feces of livestock and poultries are fermented in a mixed manner and used as an earthworm feeding substrate; therefore, the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution are solved; furthermore, an abundant and reasonable carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and the like in the feed can be ensured; the production rate and the growth quality of the earthworms are increased; the feeding substrate is sufficiently fermented by adding EM bacterial solution in a composting process; therefore, breeding of harmful bacteria can be effectively inhibited; the number of beneficial bacterial colonies is increased; the disease resistance of the earthworms is enhanced; the earthworms grow rapidly and are high in reproductive rate; the output rate of the earthworms is about 9.2 kg/cm; a seedling bed is arranged over an earthworm breeding bed in a bridging manner; breeding and planting are combined in a three-dimensional manner; the space is sufficiently utilized; the comprehensive cost is low; by utilizing a solar energy photoelectric integrated technology, a proper growth environment is provided for the earthworms and crops through an automatic intelligent control system, and therefore, energy consumption can be saved.

The invention relates to an integrated synchronized autotrophic nitrogen removal and enhanced biological phosphorus removal system and method, which belong to the field of biological treatment of sewage. The integrated synchronized autotrophic nitrogen removal and enhanced biological phosphorus removal system mainly involves three types of bacteria: nitrite bacteria, phosphorus-accumulating bacteria and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria attached to sponge filler. Urban domestic sewage gets into an integrated EBPR+PN/A-SBR reactor via a water inlet tank, and in an anaerobic zone, phosphorus is released by the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria and an internal carbon source is stored; after phosphorus release is complete, aeration is started, partial short-cut nitrification and aerobic phosphorus uptake reaction are carried out, and meanwhile, partial synchronous anaerobic ammonia oxidation takes place; and in an anoxic zone, the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria utilize remaining ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen produced by short-cut nitrification to carry out anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction. The carbon source of raw water is sufficiently utilized, a sponge filler biomembrane is suitable for the growth of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria with a long sludge age, the contradiction with the sludge age of the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria is overcome, the energy consumption of aeration is reduced, and moreover, the objective of low-carbon-to-nitrogen ratio deep urban domestic sewage nitrogen and phosphorus deep removal can be achieved.

A method of making a landscaping mulch, using as its primary ingredient, spent stable bedding which has its primary ingredient ripe de bois softwood shavings. The result of the method is a mulch, particularly for landscaping applications, having a relatively high pH value, between 6.5 and 7.5, which is also useful for neutralizing the effects of acid rain. The method involves the steps of mixing agricultural manure in the range of 5%-25%, softwood shavings from spent stable bedding in an amount of greater than 60%, and when necessary, to augment carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, other ancillary ingredients in an amount less than 25%; producing a result by the mixing of ingredients, which has a carbon-to-nitrogen range from 100 to 200 parts of carbon to 1 part of nitrogen. Thereafter, the mixed ingredients are used to form piles, which are then over-saturated with water. Thereafter, liquid is percolated through the mixed ingredients, which liquid is expressed from the bottom of the pile by gravity. Thereafter, the pile is resaturated with the expressed liquid, now rich in tannin liquors, in order to provide a natural coloring agent for the material. Then the water flow is halted in order to allow biological activity to generate heat. Heat bakes-in the color and releases more tannins for extraction when liquid saturation is resumed. The foregoing process, beginning with resaturation, is repeated until the desired color is achieved.

The invention discloses a blend containing PHBV and rice husks, and a preparation method and a use thereof. The blend contains a PHBV polymer, the rice husks, water and a silane coupling agent. The preparation method of the blend comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring the PHBV, rice husks, water, and the silane coupling agent, and carrying out extrusion granulation on the obtained mixture to obtain the blend. The blend can be used as a solid carbon source and a biofilm carrier to reduce the industrial production cost of the solid carbon source, solve the economic bottleneck of a solid phase denitrification technology, overcome the problem of difficulty in control of the addition amount of a traditional liquid carbon source in the denitrification process and shorten the start-uptime of the solid denitrification technology, and can be used in the denitrification of low-carbon-to-nitrogen ratio sewage.

The present invention provides for the use of oleaginous yeast strains that are capable of converting lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids. More specifically, under specific molar carbon to nitrogen ratios of treated biomass hydrolysates, oleaginous yeasts are able to accumulate lipids that are suitable for the manufacture of biofuels and other products of interest. Additionally, some yeast species provided herein produce carotenoids when grown utilizing the disclosed methodologies.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water pollution treatment and control in environmental engineering and particularly relates to a mobile integrated sludge anaerobic acidification liquid denitrification and dephosphorization treatment device, which consists of a chemical dosing module, a reaction module, a sludge treatment module and an electrical control cabinet, wherein the modules are connected together through pipes and valves. The chemical dosing module comprises a chemical dosing tank, a water inlet, a chemical dosing tank agitator and a chemical dosing pump. The reaction module comprises a potential of hydrogen (pH) regulating tank, a coagulating sedimentation tank, a stripping tower, an acidification liquid inlet, a lift pump, a regulating valve, a sewage pipe and a sludge drain pipe. The sludge treatment module comprises a sludge tank, a plate-and-frame filter press and a screw pump. The electrical control cabinet is respectively connected with the agitator and the pumps. The entire device can be installed in a container. After the sludge anaerobic acidification liquid is treated by the device, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the acidification liquid is lower, the carbon to nitrogen ratio and the carbon to phosphorus ratio are higher and the acidification liquid can be directly used as an external carbon source for denitrification in a sewage treatment plant. The mobile integrated sludge anaerobic acidification liquid denitrification and dephosphorization treatment device has the advantages of simple structure, novel design, high use flexibility, good treatment effect and small occupied area.

The invention provides a method for enriching and separating dominant nitrogen fixing bacteria from petroleum-contaminated soil, and belongs to the technical field of microbial isolation and culture.The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting the petroleum-contaminated soil; adding glucose for induction; measuring the nitrogenase activity of a sample by an acetylene reduction process; selecting the sample with high nitrogen fixing activity or large quantity of nitrogen fixing bacteria; preparing a suspension, and performing gradient dilution; (2) preparing a nitrogen-free solid medium; adding suspensions different in dilution in a molten state of the medium; mixing uniformly and transferring into an anaerobic tube to prepare a thin-layer medium; culturing with 0-2% oxygen concentration, wherein if a colony grows on the surface or the inside of the medium, the dominant nitrogen fixing bacteria enriched in the petroleum-contaminated soil are separated and obtained. According to the method disclosed by the invention, with the imbalance of carbon nitrogen ratio and by adding a quick-acting carbon source, indigenous nitrogen fixing bacteria are activated and enriched; meanwhile, by adopting the nitrogen-free medium and culturing with 0-2% oxygen concentration, the nitrogenase expression is promoted so as to obtain dominant nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the petroleum-contaminated soil; thus, the method has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a method for low-temperature denitrification coupled with the production of acetic acid by the directional fermentation of organic waste under the control of a redox mediator.The method utilizes the electron transport function of the redox mediator (RM) to catalyze organic matters to directionally and rapidly ferment to produce the acetic acid; in addition, the redox mediator can also serve as an electron transporter to accelerate the transfer of the highly efficient electron donor (the acetic acid) to an electron acceptor (nitrate nitrogen), consequently, a denitrification rate and a carbon source utilization rate are increased, and the problem that the efficacy of denitrification of municipal wastewater with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio under the condition of low temperature in winter is deficient is effectively solved. For the problems that partial ammonia nitrogen and excessive organic matters can be produced in the process of fermentation to cause the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of effluent water to exceed the standard, and the like, the method sets an aerobic-anaerobic process after denitrification, consequently, an oxygen utilization rate and a nitrification rate are increased, and the up-to-standard discharge of COD and TN of the effluent water is ensured.

A timepiece spring, as a mainspring, made of austenitic stainless steel including a base formed of iron and chromium, thickness of the spring being less than 0.20 mm, and the spring including, by mass: chromium: minimum value 15%, maximum value 25%; manganese: minimum value 5%, maximum value 25%; nitrogen: minimum value 0.40%, maximum value 0.75%; carbon: minimum value 0.10%, maximum value 1.00%; the total (C+N) carbon and nitrogen content between 0.40% and 1.50% by mass; the carbon-to nitrogen ratio (C/N) by mass between 0.125 and 0.550; impurities and additional metals with the exception of iron: minimum value 0%, maximum value 12.0%; iron: the complement to 100%.

The invention provides a method for producing natamycin by using streptomyces gilvosporeus through fermentation. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) activating a streptomyces gilvosporeus spore liquid; 2) inoculating the streptomyces gilvosporeus spore liquid activated in the step 1) into a seed culture medium, and performing seed culture so as to obtain streptomyces gilvosporeus; and 3) inoculating the streptomyces gilvosporeus obtained in the step 2) into a fermentation culture medium, and performing aerobic fermentation culture, thereby obtaining natamycin. According to the method, an appropriate culture medium ratio is adopted, a synergist is added into basic materials, the growth activity of mycelia inn environment with a balanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and inorganic salts can be greatly improved, power conditions do not need to be increased merely, the mycelia can be relatively rapidly adaptive to the environment of a culture liquid, the lag phase can be shortened, and thus the fermentation cycle can be shortened. The whole fermentation cycle is 79-82 hours, the final concentration of the mycelia of streptomyces gilvosporeus is 44-45%, and the content of natamycin is 6.9-7g/L.

The invention discloses a production technology for high-density culture of chlorella by utilizing a fermentation method. The production technology is characterized in that firstly, chlorella seed culture is carried out through heterotrophic cultivation, in the fourth stage of the heterotrophic cultivation process, a basal culture medium and a fed-batch culture medium are selected and used for co-culture, and the two media are utilized in combination with fermentation tanks to perform high-density heterotrophic cultivation on chlorella pyrenoidosa; besides, by adopting a semi-continuous fed-batch cultivation method and measuring the growth rate, dry weight, protein content and the like of chlorella, the optimum culture condition for maintaining of the stable growth of chlorella strains is determined; the experimental result shows that the pH is 5.5-7.5, DO is larger than or equal to 20%, the best ratio of carbon to nitrogen C/N for feed-batch culture equals to 100, the suitable carbon concentration for feed-batch culture is 40-60 g/L, the reclaiming rate is 1/5, chlorella can realize high-density stable growth, and after 4-5 days' fermentation, the dry weight can reach 100 g/L or above, and the protein content can reach 58 g/L or above. The production technology not only realizes pure culture, but also improves the algae quality to a greater extent; besides, chlorella prepared by adopting the production technology contains other multivitamins at the same time, and further meets the nutritional requirements of human bodies.