139 results about "Metal free catalysts" patented technology

The invention belongs to a preparation method of a nanometer functional material and especially relates to the field of application of a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material to environment protection. A preparation method of a nitrogen-enriched porous carbon desulfurizer with superhigh specific surface area comprises the following steps: firstly, mechanically mixing a micromolecular biomass precursor and inorganic molten salt, placing the mixture into a quartz tube, and carbonizing in an inert atmosphere. By the utilization of polymerization among the precursor in the heating process and phase separation of carbon generated by carbonization and fuse salt, ion pair or cluster formed by fuse salt is used as a pore forming agent; and washing is followed to remove the molten salt so as to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous carbon desulfurizer. The nitrogen-doped porous carbon has a well-developed pore structure and rich nitrogen-containing function group, can be used as a non-metal catalyst for catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide at room temperature to convert to elemental sulfur, and has a wide application prospect in the field of environment protection. In addition, the method has characteristics of simple operation, low cost, environment-friendly preparation and easy industrial production, and is an important carbon nanomaterial preparation method.

The present invention relates to a fuel-cell system. This system includes an anode electrode; a cathode electrode; a separator positioned between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, wherein the separator is not an ion exchange membrane; an anode catalyst; and a cathode catalyst, wherein the cathode catalyst is a non-precious metal catalyst or metal-free catalyst. The present invention also relates to a method of generating energy from crude fuel. This method involves providing a fuel-cell system and contacting the fuel-cell system with a crude fuel under conditions effective to generate energy from the crude fuel.

The invention discloses a nitrogen-doped porous graphite-like carbon nanosheet as well as preparation and electrocatalytic application thereof. The carbon nanosheet has a flaky morphology, and is richin nitrogen doping amount, large in pore volume, high in mesoporous ratio, and highly graphitized as a whole. According to the preparation of the carbon nanosheet, a metal oxide nanosheet of manganese is taken as a template, a metal organic framework material is taken as a carbon source, a sandwich-type sandwich composite structure precursor material is formed by the template and the carbon source, the precursor material is pyrolyzed in an atmosphere without water or oxygen, the template is removed through acid treatment, the obtained product after the removal of the template is mixed with anitrogen source, and annealing is performed again to prepare the carbon nanosheet. A preparation method has the advantages that the raw materials are easy to obtain, the preparation is simple, the production cost is low, the macro preparation is easy to implement and the like, and provides a universal synthetic route for preparing a two-dimensional doped porous carbon material with high degree ofgraphitization from the metal organic framework material. At the same time, the invention also discloses the application of the nitrogen-doped porous graphite-like carbon nanosheet with a high specific surface and a rich mesoporous structure and as a metal-free catalyst to high-efficiency electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions.

The invention relates to a fuel cell and aims at providing a single-chamber microbial fuel cell without a metal catalyst. The cell comprises a cell shell, cathodes and an anode. Electrolyte is water which is filled in the cell shell and contains organic matters. The anode is a titanium core carbon fiber brush made by winding titanium wires and active carbon fibers; the cathodes are carbon cloths or stainless steel meshes with both sides respectively coated by diffusion layers and catalyst layers; and the diffusion layers are contacted with the air and the catalyst layers are contacted with the electrolyte. The cathodes of the invention are composed of multiple diffusion layers and catalyst layers, reduce loss of water due to evaporation and improve stability of the electrodes. One side of each cathode directly faces the air and oxygen is directly diffused to the catalytic surface of the cathode without additional air supply devices and driving force, thus greatly lowering the operation cost and improving the stability. The catalytic materials of the cathodes are active carbons featuring wide sources and low prices, without any metal catalyst, thus greatly reducing the constructive cost. The cell has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and easy expansion.

The invention relates to preparation of electrodes of fuel cells and aims at providing an air cathode without a metal catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The air cathode comprises a carbon cloth or a stainless steel mesh as a base material. Both sides of the base material are respectively coated by diffusion layers and catalyst layers, wherein the diffusion layers are contacted with the air and the catalyst layers are contacted with electrolyte. The cathode of the invention is composed of multiple diffusion layers and catalyst layers, reduces loss of water due to evaporation and improves stability of the electrodes. One side of the cathode directly faces the air and oxygen is directly diffused to the catalytic surface of the cathode without additional air supply devices and driving force, thus greatly lowering the operation cost of the cell and improving the stability. The catalytic materials of the cathodes are active carbons featuring wide sources and low prices, without any metal catalyst, thus greatly reducing the constructive cost. The air electrode has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and easy expansion and can be used for producing microbial fuel cells with high properties and low costs and simultaneously purify waste water.

The invention provides a method for preparing a fiber-reinforced part based on cyanate ester or a cyanate ester/epoxy blend, comprising the steps of (i) providing a liquid mixture comprising (a) from 15 to 99.9 wt. % of at least one di- or polyfunctional cyanate ester, (b) from 0 to 84.9 wt. % of at least one di- or polyfunctional epoxy resin, and (c) from 0.1 to 25 wt. % of a metal-free catalyst; (ii) providing a fiber structure (iii) placing said fiber structure in a mold or on a substrate, (iv) impregnating said fiber structore with said liquid mixture, (v) curing said liquid mixture by applying a temperature of 30 to 300° C. Using the method of the invention it is possible to produce in a short cycle time, using composite manufacturing processes such as resin transfer molding and infusion technology, fiber reinforced composite parts based on a cyanate ester or cyanate ester/epoxy resin formulation. The fiber-reinforced parts obtainable by the above method are also an object of the invention.

The invention discloses a novel non-metal catalyst used for preparing vinyl chloride by an acetylene method, a preparation method and an application thereof. The catalyst is a SiC-based composite material, by controlling the growth condition and post-treatment condition, a thin C layer with different morphology and chemical composition is grown on SiC, acetylene and hydrogen chloride are directly catalyzed to react for generating vinyl chloride, and high activity, stability and vinyl chloride selectivity of the catalyst can be presented. The C-SiC catalyst has the advantages that the nonmetal catalysis of vinyl chloride by the acetylene method can be realized, high pollution problem of a mercuric chloride catalyst on industry can be solved, usage of precious metal even a metal catalyst can be avoided, and the C-SiC catalyst has high environment benefit and economic value.

The invention discloses a method for preparing graphene on a silicon base without a metal catalyst. According to the method, a method of radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology and chemical vapor deposition is adopted, a hexagonal boron nitride target serves as a magnetron sputtering target material, and the silicon base with a 300 nm silicon dioxide <100> crystal orientation serves as a sputtering substrate, by directly depositing a boron-nitrogen thin film on the silicon base to serve as a catalyst, the graphene grows on the silicon base, the step of sputtering deposition of the metal catalyst is omitted, and the effects of optimizing the process, saving resources and reducing cost are achieved. Meanwhile, by controlling parameters in the chemical vapor deposition process, the graphene obtained through preparation is good in consistency and has good thermal and chemical stability.

The present invention deals with a new methodology aimed at preparing highly N-doped mesoporous carbon macroscopic composites, and their use as highly efficient heterogeneous metal-free catalysts in a number of industrially relevant catalytic transformations.

The invention discloses a synthesis method of diaryl ring fused sulfides represented by formula (B) and diaryl ring fused selenides represented by formula (C). The method is characterized in that a reaction of a reaction raw material high-iodine salt is carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide under the action of an inorganic sulfuration reagent or selenylation reagent and an alkali at 60-100 DEG C to obtain the diaryl ring fused sulfides and the diaryl ring fused selenides. Sulfur or selenium is introduced in the later stage in the presence of a nonmetal catalyst, so poisoning of sulfur to a metal catalyst in the early stage reaction is avoided; the above inorganic sulfur source is nontoxic and odorless; and two aryl groups in the high-iodine salt are fully used, so the atom economy and the greenness of the method are fully shown. The diaryl ring fused sulfides and the diaryl ring fused selenides prepared through the method can be applied to synthesize photoelectric materials BTBT and BTBS.

Breathable thermoplastic polyurethanes are prepared from the reaction of a polyol component, a polyisocyanate component, and a chain extender in the presence of a metal-free catalyst. The metal-free catalyst comprises a polyalcohol amine, a tertiary amine catalyst, or a combination thereof. The polyurethanes of the present invention are suitable for film applications as they form breathable films which are permeable to water vapor but not air or water. The polyurethane compositions are substantially metal-free, have low extractables, and excellent melt strength.

The invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of wastes and preparation of catalytic materials and discloses a preparation technology of a porous defect carbon material derived from petroleum coke and application of the porous defect carbon material to a catalytic oxidation desulphurization reaction process of diesel oil. According to the porous defect carbon material, the petroleum coke is used as a raw material, and urea, melamine or biuret and the like are used as a pore-forming agent; then a multi-step high-temperature calcination and activation process is carried out to realize successful preparation of the porous defect carbon material. The porous defect carbon material prepared by the preparation technology has abundant active sites and the surface of the material contains a lot of oxygen-containing functional groups; and the porous defect carbon material has a mesoporous structure and is an excellent catalyst which is used as active molecular oxygen to oxidize andremove aromatic sulfides including dibenzothiophene and the like in the diesel oil. The porous defect carbon material is used as a metal-free catalyst and can be dispersed relatively well in a catalysis process; and the porous defect carbon material has excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and recycling performance.

The invention relates to a chemical vapor synthesis method for growing carbon nanotubes in a mode of being attached to the wall of a pore channel of a template without a metal catalyst. The method comprises the following main steps of: raising the temperature of a horizontal vacuum tube high temperature furnace to be between 400 and 600 DEG C under the condition that oxide exists on the surface of the inner wall of the pore channel, introducing mixed gas of hydrogen and inert gas, preserving heat, introducing mixed gas of carbon source gas and carrier gas, and growing the carbon nanotubes in a mode that a decomposition product of the carbon source gas is attached to the pore wall in the pore channel of the template in the high temperature furnace. Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the carbon nanotubes has the advantages that: the metal catalyst is not needed, the carbon nanotubes of which the diameter is the same as that of the pore channel are prepared and occupy an inner cavity of the pore channel furthest, the method is easy to operate, environment-friendly and low in cost, toxicity is avoided, a few steps are performed, the requirement of large-scale production is met, and the like.

The invention discloses a cross-linked nano-micelle with redox sensitive performance and a preparation method of the cross-linked nano-micelle. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method is adopted, a macromolecular chain transfer agent is synthesized firstly and polymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate to synthesize a block polymer which can be further modified, on the basis of self-assembly, a cross-linking agent having chemical linking capacity and containing a disulfide bond is introduced, and one stably cross-linked nano-micelle with the redox response performance is constructed in a mode of assembly and later cross-linking. The method is easy to control, the reaction conditions are mild, a metal catalyst is avoided, a product is easy to purify, and the obtained nano-micelle not only can package a hydrophobic drug but also can prevent the drug from being released in advance in blood circulation.

The present invention discloses an improved oxidation process using carbon nitride nanotubes as metal free catalyst and molecular O2 as the oxidant to obtain desired adipic acid and other oxygenated hydrocarbons with improved conversion and selectivity.

A metal- and metalloid-free nanolaminate dielectric film can be formed according to a pulsed layer deposition (PDL) process. A metal- and metalloid-free compound is used to catalyze the reaction of silica deposition by surface reaction of alkoxysilanols. Films can be grown at rates faster than 30 nm per exposure cycle. The invention can be used for the deposition of both doped (e.g., PSG) and undoped silicon oxide films. The films deposited are conformal, hence the method can accomplish void free gap-fill in high aspect ratio gaps encountered in advanced technology nodes (e.g., the 45 nm technology node and beyond), and can be used in other applications requiring conformal dielectric deposition.

The invention discloses a nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped metal-free catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction and a preparation method and application of thereof, and belongs to the field of material synthesis technology and application. The nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped metal-free catalyst is prepared by blending acid-washed activated carbon with a precursor solution of nitrogen and phosphorus, dipping, drying and roasting and is applied to preparation of vinyl chloride monomers by hydrochlorination of acetylene. The prepared porous activated carbon metal-free catalyst is large in specific surface area and contains nitrogen and phosphorus at the same time and is simple in preparation process and can replace a toxic mercuric chloride catalyst. The metal-free catalyst is applied to fixed bed acetylene hydrochlorination to prepare vinyl chloride and has good catalytic activity and selectivity and good industrial application prospect.

The invention discloses a metal free catalyst system for synergistic catalysis of lactone ring opening polymerization in an organic solvent, and belongs to the field of polymer synthesis. The providedsystem is used to efficiently catalyze controllable active ring opening polymerization of lactone. Under the protection of inert gas, lactone is taken as the monomer, in an organic solvent, N-heterocyclic alkene and thiourea (or urea) co-catalyze the alcohol triggered ring opening polymerization of lactone. The synthesis method is carried out in an organic solvent, obtained aliphatic hydrocarbonpolyester does not contain any metal; the reaction conditions are mild, the reactions are fast, the polymerization process is easy and is easy to operate; the using amount of catalysts is very little,the conversion rate is high, and the obtained polyester has narrow molecular weight distribution.

The invention discloses a high-density semiconductive single-walled carbon nanotube horizontal array and its preparation method. The array method is a first method or a second method. The first method comprises the following steps: loading a single crystal growth substrate I with a solution of oxide nanoparticles, airing and calcining in the air atmosphere, and carrying out chemical vapor deposition so as to obtain the array on the substrate I. The second method comprises the following steps: loading a single crystal growth substrate II with a solution of oxide nanoparticles, airing and annealing, calcining in the air atmosphere, and carrying out chemical vapor deposition so as to obtain the array on the substrate II. Problems of low density, strong etching, many defects and the like existing in present prepared semiconductive single-walled carbon nanotube horizontal arrays are overcome. The method of the invention is simple and easy to control, is low-cost, has good repeatability, has no metal catalyst residue, and has a wide application prospect in high-end fields of nano-electronics devices, biological medicine and catalytic synthesis, etc.