51 results about "Sulfathiazole" patented technology

The liquid phase chromatogram method for detect both compound sulfathiazole and its metabolite comprises: using the mixed liquid with HCl and 3:1 CH2Cl2 / acetone as the extractant to extract target with less impurity; after adding the extractant, keeping for some time in 4Deg icebox to modify protein fully and reduce loss and improve recovery yield; drying the solvent with N2, filtering, and detecting. This invention is simple, fast and very sensitive, and has wide application.

The invention discloses a method and special immune affinity adsorbent for extracting quinolone compound and / or sulfonamide compound. The immune affinity adsorbent consists of a solid-phase carrier and Norfloxacin monoclonal antibody and / or sulfamethoxazole monoclonal antibody coupled with the carrier, wherein the Norfloxacin monoclonal antibody and the sulfamethoxazole monoclonal antibody are obtained by taking Norfloxacin hapten, sulfamethoxazole hapten and carrier protein conjugate as immunogen; the quinolone compound is at least one of the following 13 types of compounds: Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Pefloxacin, Ofloxacin, Enoxacin, Marbofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Danofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Sarafloxacin, Difloxacin, Oxolinic acid and Flumequine; and the sulfonamide compound is at least one of the following 6 types of compounds: sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole, sulphapyridine, sulfamethizole, sulfamonomethoxine and sulfamethoxazole.

The invention provides a rapid detection method of sulfathiazole in an animal body, and a Raman characteristic peak of sulfathiazole is determined by using a density functional theory. The method comprises a step of establishing a quantitative analysis curve according to the characteristic peak intensity with high Raman peak intensity and good peak pattern. Standard recovery experiments show thatthe method is good in accuracy and precision. According to the method, the lowest detection concentration of sulfathiazole in an animal body is 1 mg / L. According to the method, the sulfonamide antibiotic residues in the animal body are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, single sample detection is completed within 3 min, and a rapid and convenient detection method is provided for rapid qualitative screening and preliminary quantitative detection of the sulfonamide thiazole residues in the animal body.

The invention provides preparation of a high-temperature acidification corrosion inhibitor which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 to 60 parts of sulfathiazole solution, 10 to 15 parts of phenolic resin, 10 to 15 parts of dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 5 to 10 parts of aminopolysiloxane and 10 to 20 parts of diethylene glycol; the components for optimalpreparation comprise 60 parts of sulfathiazole, 15 parts of phenolic resin, 10 parts of dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 7 parts of aminopolysiloxane and 15 parts of diethylene glycol; and when in preparation, the components are sequentially added into a reaction kettle and stirred for 30 to 40 minutes to obtain the product, wherein the preparation of the sulfathiazole solution comprises the following steps: taking 45 to 50 parts of 2-aminothiazole and 45 to 50 parts of p-nitrobenzene sulfonyl chloride, adding into the reaction kettle, stirring, keeping the constant temperature to 40 DEG C for 2 to 3 hours, then adding 45 to 50 parts of sodium bicarbonate, and continuing to react for 4 to 5 hours to obtain the solution. The product still has good corrosion inhibiting effect and compatibility when used under the acidification condition of 150 to 180 DEG C.

The invention relates to a method for simultaneously screening multiples categories of drug residues in fish by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole rod time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The multiples categories of drugs screened simultaneously comprise enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline , chlortetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfaphenirazole, sulfacetamide, sulfamethazine, azithromycin, tilmicosin, medimycin, roxithromycin, acetylspiramycin, doramectin, sudan I, sudan II, sudan III, sudan IV and rhodamine B. By optimizing the parameters of a d-SPE pretreatment method, all target drugs can obtain good recovery rates.29 kinds of target drugs are simultaneously screened by an optimized chromatographic mass spectrometry condition, thereby achieving simultaneous screening of common multiples categories of drug residues in fish. The method has a good application prospect in the field of fish food.

The invention discloses a Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 photocatalyst. The photocatalyst contains a Fe / Co-Nx chelate on a TiO2 {001} crystal plane. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 photocatalyst. The preparation method comprises the following step of performing a pyrolysis reaction on the Fe / CoPcS and TiO2 nanosheets at high temperature according to a required mass ratio to obtain a Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 nanomaterial containing the Fe / Co-Nx chelate on the TiO2 {001} crystal plane. The invention finally discloses application of the Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 photocatalyst to catalytic degradation of sulfathiazole in water. The modified Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 photocatalyst has a very high capability of degrading the sulfathiazole in water in both visible light and ultraviolet light; meanwhile, adegraded product has lower toxicity.

The invention provides a novel method for rapidly detecting and calculating content of sulfanilamide by detecting luminous intensity of sulfanilamide medicament imaging and establishing working curves, in order to solve the problems existed in the prior art for sulfanilamide medicament detection. The method can be used for accurately and economically detecting contents of sulfanilamide medicaments in animal food, especially is suitable for detecting contents of four sulfanilamide medicaments including sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulphadiazine and sulfamerazine. The invention provides applications of the accurate, economic, high efficient, rapid and portable determination of residuals of the four sulfanilamide medicaments in animal food.

The invention relates to a method of extracting medicine residues of seven sulfonamides from chicken by utilization of an ionic liquid and achieving an objective of purification during extraction purification, through adjusting the pH value, the water amount and the salt amount in the ionic liquid to achieve homogeneous phase extraction and layered purification, wherein the seven sulfonamides residues comprise sulfathiazole (ST), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfamethizole (STZ), sulfadimidine (SDMD), sulfachlorpyridazine (SCP), sulfamethoxazolum (SMZ), and sulfisoxazole (SIX). Liquid chromatographic analysis results show that the recovery rate of each of the sulfonamides is 82.1%-108%, and the relative standard deviation is 0.5%-5.9%. The green and simple extracting method is established so as to reduce pollution or harm of traditional organic solvent extraction methods to the environment and to experiment persons.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an immunoaffinity column. The immunoaffinity column is a compound affinity column which is mainly prepared from three types of immunoaffinity columns through mixed packing in a volume ratio being 1:1:1, and the three types of immunoaffinity columns are prepared from three antibodies and a coupling matrix through coupling and wet packing. The column capacity of the immunoaffinity column is 2,500 ng, the immunoaffinity column is good in purification effect and can be repeatedly used three times, and average recovery rate is 67%-107%. The compound immunoaffinity column has good specific adsorption property for at least 12 sulfonamides including sulfaquinoxaline, sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfametoxydiazine, sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfafurazole, sulfadimethoxypyrimidine, sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, sodium N-sulphanilamidate and sulfamonomethoxine. The immunoaffinity column which is high in coupling rate, specific adsorption property, column capacity and recovery rate is prepared, and a sensitive, rapid and simple analysis method capable of detecting residues of the 12 sulfonamides simultaneously is provided.

The invention discloses an ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor for detecting sulfathiazole and a detection method thereof. The electrochemical sensor uses an Au@COF composite material, a CuS signalprobe and a MIP common modified electrode as working electrodes. The Au@COF composite material has the advantages of large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity, which can significantly increase the strength of a current signal. CuS is used as a signal probe, which can improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The MIP modified electrode can realize specific sulfathiazole identification of the electrochemical sensor. According to the invention, the minimum detection limits of sulfathiazole of the electrochemical sensor are 0.02 micron / kg, which can meet detection needs; the pre-treatment time and analysis time are shortened by about 85 minutes and 9 minutes respectively compared with a traditional detection method; and the electrochemical sensor is suitable for rapid detection of sulfathiazole.

The invention provides a hybridoma cell strain NaN-1 secreting a monoclonal antibody resistant to sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) and an application thereof, belonging to the field of food safety immunodetection. The hybridoma cell strain NaN-1 secreting the common monoclonal antibody capable of identifying 25 SAs is collected in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), with collection number of CGMCC No.12028. The monoclonal antibody secreted by the cell strain NaN-1 can identify 25 SAs, has better detection sensitivity, enables the IC<50> of sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and sulfathiazole (STZ) to be respectively 4.51mu g / L, 1.80mu g / L, 1.98mu g / L and 0.53mu g / L and can be used for multi-residue detection of SAs in food safety.

The invention discloses a magnetic Fenton catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, relates to a Fenton catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing Fenton catalyst is poor in capability of reducing ferric iron in situ and is inconvenient to generate iron mud and recycle. The magnetic Fenton catalyst disclosed by the invention is tourmaline of which the surface is loaded with Fe3O4. The preparation method comprises the following steps: under a nitrogen introduction condition, dropwise adding an acidic aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate into an alkaline solution of tourmaline, stirring the solution, and then carrying out centrifugal separation, and drying and grinding the material to obtain the magnetic Fenton catalyst. The additive can be used for treating sulfathiazole wastewater in a Fenton system, and the removal rate of sulfathiazole can reach 90% or above after the additive is treated for 30 min. The magnetic Fenton catalyst can be used in the field of water treatment.

The invention discloses the one-step hydrothermal synthesis based on ionic liquid novel fluorescent carbon dots and the detection application of one-step hydrothermal synthesis for sulfathiazole. Theone-step hydrothermal synthesis is characterized by taking 1-allyl-3-vinyl imidazole tetrafluoroborate as a carbon source, the malonic acid as a passivating agent, and synthesizing the novel fluorescent carbon dots capable of specifically recognizing sulfathiazole through a high-temperature hydrothermal reaction. A novel sulfathiazole fluorescent probe synthesized by the invention is simple in preparation process, low in cost and high in selectivity, has high sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of the trace sulfathiazole remained in an environmental sample, and has a wide application prospect in the field of analysis and detection of sulfathiazole.

The liquid phase chromatogram method for detect both compound sulfathiazole and its metabolite comprises: using the mixed liquid with HCl and 3:1 CH2Cl2 / acetone as the extractant to extract target with less impurity; after adding the extractant, keeping for some time in 4Deg icebox to modify protein fully and reduce loss and improve recovery yield; drying the solvent with N2, filtering, and detecting. This invention is simple, fast and very sensitive, and has wide application.

The invention discloses a seven-into-one sulfanilamide detection method which comprises a kit and reagents, wherein the reagents comprise sulfathiazole, trimethoprim, sulfaquinoxaline, phthalylsulfathiazole, sulfamethythiadiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfadimethoxypyrimidine, a sulfachlorpyridazine carrier, m-sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfametoxydiazine. According to the seven-into-one sulfanilamide detection method and the kit, the sulfathiazole, the trimethoprim, the sulfaquinoxaline, the phthalylsulfathiazole, the sulfamethythiadiazole, the sulfamethazine, the sulfamethoxazole, the sulfamerazine, the sulfadimethoxypyrimidine, the sulfachlorpyridazine carrier, the m-sulfamethoxydiazine, the sulfaquinoxaline, the sulfadiazine, the sulfamethoxypyridazine and the sulfametoxydiazine in a proportioning part of a weight unit are combined in match in a glass container, and convenience can be brought to seven-into-one sulfanilamide detection.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a cobalt phosphide / carbon composite material by using yeast cells through an impregnation process. The method comprises the following steps: with baker's yeast as a raw material, firstly activating the cells, washing the activated yeast with acetone, fixing the activated yeast with glutaraldehyde, then freeze-drying, mixing with a cobalt ion solution, uniformly grinding, and finally, calcining the dried solid powder in a protective atmosphere of 800-1000 DEG C to obtain the cobalt phosphide / carbon composite material. When the material is used as a catalyst, potassium peroxymonosulfate composite salt can be catalyzed to effectively degrade and remove antibiotic pollutants such as sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole in a water body. Yeast cells are used as a phosphorus source, the problem that a precursor is toxic and harmful in a previous phosphide preparation method is solved, and meanwhile, the preparation method which is mild, simple, convenient and easy to operate is provided. The utilization of phosphorus element in biomass and the optimization of a cobalt phosphide preparation method is realized, and a method is provided for removing organic pollutants in water.

The invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition for treating hemorrhoid and a use thereof. The pharmaceutical composition for treating hemorrhoid comprises furan-sulfathiazole schiff base sodium salt. The pharmaceutical composition solves the problem of the pain before and after the haemorrhoid operation, reduces hemorrhoid recurrence, and has effects of relieving pain, diminishing inflammation, stopping bleeding, absorbing efflux from an affected part, healing an ulcer surface, treating decay and promoting tissue regeneration, and activating biological cells, has high biological activity and can prevent canceration.

The invention discloses a fluorine-containing liquid chromatogram filler for polar drug separation and a preparation method thereof, the fluorine-containing liquid chromatogram filler takes silica gel microspheres as a matrix, the surface of the matrix is bonded with two types of fluorine-containing functional groups, i.e., 2-5 fluorine-containing functional groups, one class of the fluorine-containing functional groups is fluorine substituent groups containing benzene rings, and the other class of the fluorine-containing functional groups is fluorine substituent groups containing lipid chains. The fluorine-containing liquid chromatography packing has the beneficial effects that the fluorine-containing liquid chromatography packing contains rich fluorine-containing functional groups, has relatively strong chemical stability, and can be used for relatively well separating polar drugs such as uridine, thymine, beta-thymidine, adenosine, dihydroxyinosine, sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxypyridazine and the like.

The application relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, and discloses a phosphorus-containing flame-retardant epoxy resin and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following components by weight: 50-65 parts of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 4-6 parts of phosphorus-containing modified benzimidazole, 2-3 parts of epoxy-based sulfanilamide thiazole and 2-4 parts of m-phenylenediamine curing agent. The bisphenol A type epoxy resin is added into a stirrer, heated, and then the phosphorus-containing modified benzimidazole and the epoxy-based sulfanilamide thiazole are continuously added into the stirrer; after cooling, the m-phenylenediamine curing agent is continuously added into the stirrer, and then curing is carried out, so that the phosphorus-containing flame-retardant epoxy resin is obtained. The phosphorus-containing flame-retardant epoxy resin has good flame-retardant effect.

The invention discloses a Vibrio alginolyticus capable of degrading various sulfonamide antibiotics and its application, wherein the Vibrio alginolyticus is screened from the estuary water of the Yantai Wandering River estuary, and was released in June 2019 On the 26th, it was preserved in the General Microbiology Center of the China Microbiological Culture Collection Management Committee. The preservation number is: CGMCC No.18031. It has the ability to degrade sulfonamide antibiotics and can degrade sulfadiazine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, A variety of sulfonamide antibiotics including methylazine, sulfamethoxine, sulfacetamide, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, and sulfapyridine. The benefit of the present invention is that: the Vibrio alginolyticus (preservation number is CGMCC No.18031) screened by the present invention has great advantages in the treatment of polluted water (including fresh water and sea water) containing high concentrations of sulfonamide antibiotics. Application prospect.

The invention discloses a chemical derivatization fluorescence-mass spectrometry method for recognizing sulfonamides. The method is characterized in that a specific derivatization agent is added to anacetonitrile solution of the sulfonamides and is then subjected to quick derivatization within 5min; the fluorescence of sulfanilamide is quenched after derivatization; the characteristic ions detected by a mass spectrometer (an electrospray ionization source) are para-position diazotization type benzenesulfonyl ions; the electrospray ionization source type mass spectrometer is capable of detecting the characteristics ions with common characters; and the sulfonamide homolog can be quickly recognized based on the change characteristics of the fluorescence intensity after chemical derivatization and the mass spectrum characteristics ions. The sulfonamides include sulfadiazine, sulfisomidine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethythiadiazole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadimidine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, pyridazol and sulfamerazine.

The invention relates to preparation of a vanadium titano-magnetite slag waste derived composite carbon catalytic material and a method for degrading sulfathiazole by activating peroxymonosulfate by using the vanadium titano-magnetite slag waste derived composite carbon catalytic material, and belongs to the technical field of oxidation catalytic materials and environments. The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing sulfathiazole widely exists in a water environment and forms a remarkable risk to the environment. The method comprises the following steps: grinding and sieving the vanadium titano-magnetite slag; pouring ammonium chloride, citric acid monohydrate, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and the vanadium titano-magnetite slag sieved in the step 1 into an ethanol solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion; heating and stirring in a water bath, then drying and grinding, and heating to obtain the powdery magnetic carbon-based material. The composite carbon catalytic material derived from the vanadium titano-magnetite slag is prepared by adopting a vacuum thermal synthesis method. The material can efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate to generate singlet oxygen non-free radical active species, and the degradation of a target pollutant sulfathiazole is accelerated through an efficient electron migration pathway. The catalytic material is applied to advanced oxidative degradation of high-concentration organic matters.

The present invention discloses a dual-photoelectrode system and a method for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants thereof. TiO2NNs / Ti mesh is used as a photoanode and NCDs / Co3O4 / Ti mesh is used as a photocathode. A light-responsive dual-photoelectrode system (TiO2NNs-NCDs / Co3O4) is constructed to perform photoelectrocatalytic treatment on polluted water, thereby achieving high-efficiency and low-consumption photoelectrocatalytic oxidation degradation of pollutants such as sulfadiazine (98.54%), sulfadimethazine (98.17%), rhodamine B (99.03%), sulfathiazole (99.70%), 2,4-dichlorophenol (93.40%), and phenol (93.96%). Compared to existing technologies, the dual-photoelectrode system of the present invention features a new cathode material, NCDs / Co₃O₄, which is responsive to visible light, instead of the Pt sheet commonly used in traditional photoelectrocatalytic systems. This system leverages solar energy to generate a higher photovoltage between the photoanode and photocathode, enabling self-driven operation or low-power input operation. This reduces overall system energy consumption while further improving system efficiency and stability. The present invention boasts excellent light absorption performance and removal efficiency for difficult-to-degrade organic pollutants, along with good stability, long lifespan, and low energy consumption and cost, offering broad application prospects.

The invention discloses an ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor for detecting sulfathiazole and a detection method thereof. The electrochemical sensor uses an Au@COF composite material, a CuS signalprobe and a MIP common modified electrode as working electrodes. The Au@COF composite material has the advantages of large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity, which can significantly increase the strength of a current signal. CuS is used as a signal probe, which can improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The MIP modified electrode can realize specific sulfathiazole identification of the electrochemical sensor. According to the invention, the minimum detection limits of sulfathiazole of the electrochemical sensor are 0.02 micron / kg, which can meet detection needs; the pre-treatment time and analysis time are shortened by about 85 minutes and 9 minutes respectively compared with a traditional detection method; and the electrochemical sensor is suitable for rapid detection of sulfathiazole.

The invention discloses a cathode plate surface sulfuration treatment method and a sulfuration treatment surface thereof, and relates to the technical field of cathode plate surface treatment.The cathode plate surface sulfuration treatment method comprises the following steps that after a cathode plate is pretreated, pulse current deposition is conducted in sulfuration liquid, and after-treatment is conducted, the cathode plate can be obtained; the vulcanizing liquid comprises a sulfur source, ammonium citrate, hydroxylated carbon nanotubes, potassium perfluorohexyl sulfonate and a boric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer system; the sulfur source is at least one of thiosulfate, thiourea or sodium sulfide. The porosity of the vulcanized surface is less than or equal to 2.0%, the uniformity is less than or equal to 5%, and the vulcanized surface has good adhesive ability.

The invention relates to a water treatment agent for removing phenolic compounds from water. The water treatment agent is composed of Nu-terpinene, 3-phenyl-2-acrylic acid n-propyl ester, rabeprazole, iron ammonium oxalate, Alpha-copaene, climbazole, buflomedil, vinyl laurate, ferric chloride, asiaticoside, phthalylsulfathiazole, 3-nonene-2-one, polyacrylamide, (R-(R*, R*))-2, 3, 4-trihydroxybutyraldehyde, fucoxanthine, and 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. The water treatment agent is highly able to complex with the phenolic compound, complex precipitate forms fast, the removal rate of the phenolic compounds is up to 99%, toxicity is low, little usage is required, no hazard is caused to the water, and treatment cost is low.

The invention relates to a molecularly imprinted polymer material used for purifying sulfonamide drugs in water. Template molecules, functional monomers and crosslinking agents undergo free radical polymerization under the action of an initiator to form a high degree of crosslinking by emulsion polymerization. microsphere molecular polymer. The present invention proposes a molecularly imprinted polymer material for purifying sulfa drugs in water. By enriching and purifying the target pollutants, the molecularly imprinted polymer material is effective against water pollutants such as sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, Seven sulfa antibacterial drugs including sulfamethoxazine, sulfisoxazole, sulfathiazole, sulfa-methoxine and sulfamethazine have high adsorption capacity and good selectivity.

The current methods and compositions provide for therapeutic approaches to treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other types of cancer including, for example, pancreatic and colon cancer. Accordingly, certain aspects of the disclosure relates to methods and compositions for treating HCC, pancreatic and colon cancer using one or more small molecule inhibitors disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the small molecule inhibitor is a benzothiazine, a sulfonamide, a thiazolidinone or other chemical compound.

The invention discloses a Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 photocatalyst. The photocatalyst contains a Fe / Co-Nx chelate on a TiO2 {001} crystal plane. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 photocatalyst. The preparation method comprises the following step of performing a pyrolysis reaction on the Fe / CoPcS and TiO2 nanosheets at high temperature according to a required mass ratio to obtain a Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 nanomaterial containing the Fe / Co-Nx chelate on the TiO2 {001} crystal plane. The invention finally discloses application of the Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 photocatalyst to catalytic degradation of sulfathiazole in water. The modified Fe / Co-Nx / TiO2 photocatalyst has a very high capability of degrading the sulfathiazole in water in both visible light and ultraviolet light; meanwhile, adegraded product has lower toxicity.

The invention relates to an acidizing corrosion inhibitor for stratum acidification blockage removal, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of mercaptobenzothiazole, 15 to 25 parts of 2-methoxythiazole, 5 to 10 parts of polyacrylic acid, 10 to 20 parts of diethanol amine, 5 to 8 parts of octadecanol polyethylene oxide polyoxypropylene ether, 6 to 10 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether OP-15, 10 to 20 parts of sulfathiazole and 2 to 4 parts of phenolic resin. 25 to 30 parts of isopropanol, 200 to 350 parts of water and 25 to 35 parts of anti-corrosion fermentation liquor. The invention further provides a preparation method of the corrosion inhibitor, and the corrosion inhibitor has a more efficient corrosion inhibition effect and can be combined with a stratum blocking remover for use.