The invention discloses an online self-cleaning medium filtering device. The online self-cleaning medium filtering device comprises a water inlet pipe, a backwashing one-way valve, a water inlet one-way valve, a shell, a shell filtering material, an inner cylinder body, an inner cylinder body filtering material, a lower screen plate, a water distributor, a control valve, a backwashing water collecting chamber, a water outlet collecting chamber, a backwashing pump, a water outlet pipe, a blow-off pipe, an upper screen plate and an electric control system. The method is characterized in that a plurality of filtering spaces which work independently are arranged in the shell; each filtering space can work independently or simultaneously as required; when a certain filtering space needs to be self-cleaned, the backwashing pump is started, a filtering liquid is pumped, backwashing is performed on the filtering materials in the filtering space, backwashing water generated by the backwashing is distributed to other filtering spaces to be filtered, and suspended solids are intercepted at the lower part of the inner cylinder body and need to be discharged regularly. And all the filtering spaces can be self-cleaned through automatic control, so that online self-cleaning of the medium filtering device can be realized, and no cleaning wastewater is generated and discharged. The online self-cleaning medium filtering device can be used for updating the existing medium filter, the use efficiency of the medium filter can be improved, a large amount of backwashing wastewater is saved, and the investment is reduced.