A preparation method of a cobalt-based anti-cavitation coating of plastic deposition based on work hardening comprises the steps that an oxidization film on the surface of a metal matrix is removed, oil dirt and residual impurities on the surface are removed through cleaning, and after the metal matrix is dried in air, the matrix is fixed to a workbench; (2) powder is placed in a vacuum drying boxto be dried, and after being dried, the powder is cooled to room temperature to be placed in a powder feeder; (3) the carrier gas kind, the carrier gas pressure, the preheating temperature and the powder feeding rotating speed are set in a cold spraying panel; (4) laser power is set in a laser control panel; (5) a mechanical arm is started, the spraying coating lap-joint rate and the scanning speed are input, the mechanical arm is adjusted, so that a cold spraying nozzle is perpendicular to the surface of the matrix, and the angle of a laser head is adjusted, so that laser spots coincide withspraying powder spots; (6) equipment is started, and supersonic-speed laser deposition experimenting is carried out in the matrix; and (7) after processing is completed, the coating on the surface ofthe metal matrix is subjected to aftertreatment, and the surface of the coating is leveled.