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This invention discloses a method for preparing graphene-loaded iridium-ruthenium-cobalt-copper-nickel high-entropy nanoparticles. The method includes: dissolving iridium, ruthenium, cobalt, copper, and nickel metal salts in an equiatomic ratio to prepare a metal precursor solution; simultaneously preparing a graphene oxide dispersion; and then mixing and atomizing the dispersion using a dual-feed atomization drying device to obtain a composite precursor powder. Finally, the powder is subjected to microwave reduction under inert gas protection to obtain graphene-loaded iridium-ruthenium-cobalt-copper-nickel high-entropy nanoparticles. This invention employs a synergistic process of dual-feed atomization and microwave reduction, avoiding metal ion aggregation and elemental segregation, achieving uniform and stable loading of high-entropy nanoparticles on the graphene surface. The high-entropy nanoparticles have a single-phase face-centered cubic structure with a particle size of 8 nm to 25 nm. The process is simple, efficient, low-consumption, and allows for controllable proportions. The prepared graphene-loaded iridium-ruthenium-cobalt-copper-nickel high-entropy nanoparticles can be widely used in water electrolysis, exhibiting advantages such as low overpotential and high stability, making them suitable for large-scale production and industrial applications.