The invention discloses a composite instant black tea and a preparation method thereof. The main materials comprise, in parts by weight, 14-16 parts of black tea, 10-12 parts of herba lophatheri, 5-7parts of common bombax flowers, 3-5 parts of dried tangerine peel, 3-5 parts of Chinese wolfberry fruits and 2-4 parts of liquorice. The auxiliary materials comprise beta-cyclodextrin, glucose, threonine, L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine, carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin, maltodextrin and casein. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, cleaning and weighing the main materials; step 2, conducting heating and extraction; step 3, carrying out ceramic membrane filtration on the extracting solution to obtain a filtrate; step 4, preparing microcapsules by adopting ultrasound; step5, conducting vacuum concentration; step 6, carrying out a Maillard reaction; and step 7, conducting freeze drying. According to the preparation method of the composite instant black tea, the obtained composite instant black tea is not only convenient to use, but also good in fragrance, good in color and rich in nutrients.