The invention discloses a caster-oil plant base environment-friendly cutting fluid composition. By mass ratio, 50% of trimethylolpropane oleic acid ester TMP318 and 50% of caster-oil plant base diethyl sebacate are adopted to be combined to serve as base oil, and multiple composite additives are matched. The caster-oil plant base environment-friendly cutting fluid composition comprises an extreme pressure agent, an anti-wear agent, an antirust agent, an emulsion agent, a hard water stabilizer, an antibacterial corrosion prevention agent, a PH stabilizer, a coupling agent, an antioxidant, a co-emulsifier, a defoaming agent, deionized water and a cuttings settling agent. The composition has good cooling performance, lubricating performance, bearing capability, friction and vibration reducing performance, cleaning performance, a cuttings discharge function, antirust performance, anti-oxidization and anti-corrosion performance, defoaming performance and decay resistance, is weak in odor and free of irritation, has a good antimicrobial property, is not prone to smelliness or rancidification and has long service life, and residual liquid is easy to treat.