The invention discloses a test device, which is simple in structure, safe and convenient to operate, and capable of testing the membrane adhesion fastness of a membrane-coated air filter felt and discloses a test method. The test device comprises a gas source switch (1), an air-pressure regulating valve (2), a pressure transducer (3), a test chamber (4), a microprocessor (6) and a computer (7). The gas source switch (1), the air-pressure regulating valve (2), the pressure transducer (3) and the test chamber (4) communicate with each other in sequence; the pressure transducer (3) is connected to the computer (7) through the microprocessor (6), and signals can be transmitted in the connection; and the computer (7) draws a pressure-time curve based on signals received from a microprocessor (5). The air-pressure regulating valve is gradually regulated, and the pressure of air in the test chamber is gradually increased, so that via the microprocessor, values tested by the pressure transducer form the pressure-time curve on the computer through drawing. When the pressure-time curve deviates from the variation trend of an original curve, the pressure corresponding to the change is the membrane adhesion fastness of a tested membrane-coated air filter felt.