The invention discloses a preparation method of a Ca-Mg-Al-Si porous microcrystalline glass, and belongs to the field of microcrystalline glass filter materials. The preparation method comprises following steps: weighing MgO, SiO2, CaO, Na2CO3, Na2B4O7, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and stainless steel slag, evenly mixing, adding the mixture into a crucible, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace, maintaining atemperature of 1400 to 1500 for 3 to 5 hours; taking out the mixture, quenching the mixture by cold water to obtain water quenched glass; breaking the water quenched glass, ball-milling the glass, fully mixing the glass with NaCl, placing the mixture in an electric spark plasma sintering furnace, carrying out hot pressed sintering for 1 to 3 minutes at a constant temperature of 650 to 725 DEG C under a pressure of 45 to 50 kN; placing sintered and moulded Ca-Mg-Al-Si porous microcrystalline glass into water, washing, and soaking to obtain the Ca-Mg-Al-Si porous microcrystalline glass. The provided preparation method can obtain the porous microcrystalline glass for different filter objects, the porosity and pore size of the microcrystalline glass are adjustable, the strength is high, and the microcrystalline glass has communicated pores.