93results about How to "Wide pore size distribution" patented technology

Silica aerogels with improved properties are disclosed together with methods for synthesizing such aerogels. The improved properties include lower thermal conductivity (better insulating capacity), lower acoustic velocity, lower dielectric constant and improved ductility. Greater tunability of the refractive index can also be achieved. The silica aerogels are prepared by a sol-gel processing method that provides better control of the formation of aerogel structures. Generally speaking, the improvements arise from control of the synthesis to create a morphology of primary clusters and diverse-sized secondary clusters of dense silica aerogels separated by less densely packed regions. By providing a broader range of secondary clusters and/or pore sizes and loose connectivity between clusters, reductions can be achieved in thermal conductivity and flexural modulus.

The invention discloses a preparation method of porous geological polymer microspheres. The porous geological polymer microspheres are prepared by a dispersion suspension solidification method. Compared with the prior art, low-temperature curing and one-shot molding granulation are realized without requirements of high-temperature calcination and curing and addition of other auxiliaries; and at the same time, large-scale use of solid wastes is realized, and raw materials are widely available, cost is low, process is simple, and the whole process is non-toxic and pollution-free; in addition, the preparation efficiency is high with a ball-forming degree exceeding 90%; the size of the particles can be adjusted, and the pore size distribution is uniform; the pore volume is large, and can be regulated, and a specific surface area of the microspheres reaches 110m2/g, thus, the porous geological polymer microspheres can be directly used for packed columns for column separation. Experiments show that the porous geological polymer microspheres have a good adsorption effect on heavy metals, and can be used as adsorbents for heavy metals, and have a broad application prospect in the aspect ofremoving heavy metals and radioactive elements in water.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a reed-based biochar adsorption material. The preparation method is technically characterized by comprising the following steps of cleaning the reed stalk, drying and crushing; soaking the crushed reed stalk into a KOH (potassium hydroxide) solution to activate, and drying; putting the dried crushed reed stalk into an atmosphere furnace, and performing oxygen-free high-temperature cracking under the nitrogen or inert gas protection atmosphere; after high-temperature cracking treatment, cooling to room temperature, and cleaning the cracked material to be neutral by an acid solution, so as to prepare the reed-based biochar adsorption material. The preparation method has the advantages that the problems of pollution to environment and waste ofresources due to irresponsible disposal of the wetland plant wastes are solved; compared with the prior art, the specific surface area is large, the pollutant adsorption ability is strong, the environment-friendly value is greatly increased, and the resource utilization of the wastes is realized.

The invention discloses a preparation method of different morphologies of cobalt monoxide nanometers loaded with foam nickel. The preparation method comprises: placing sheet-like foam nickel in an ultrasonic washing machine, washing, placing the washed foam nickel in a drying box, and drying; dispersing cobalt chloride hexahydrate powder into a dispersion solvent added with urea, and magneticallystirring at a room temperature to form a suspension; transferring the suspension to a high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, obliquely placing the dried sheet-like foam nickel into the high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, sealing the high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, placing the high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle into the drying box, carrying out thermal insulation for 15-18 h at a temperature of 160-200 DEG C, and naturally cooling to a room temperature; taking the foam nickel out of the high-pressure hydrothermal reaction kettle, placing into the ultrasonic washing machine, washing, placing into a vacuum drying box, and drying to obtain a precursor; and calcining the precursor for 3-4 h at a calcination temperature of 400-520 DEG C.

A temperature-sensitive filtering membrane with small pore size distribution is designed and prepared based on the thought of bionics by taking a metal chloride saline solution as a solvent in order to solve the problems that a large number of organic solvents hard to recycle are used in the traditional film preparation process, consequently, environmental pollution is caused, a polymeric membrane material is wide in membrane pore size distribution, and the membrane is in lack of responsiveness and is likely to be contaminated. Firstly, a temperature-sensitive polymer N-isopropylacrylamide is prepared in the metal chloride saline solution in a polymerization mode, and then N-isopropylacrylamide is homogeneously grafted with polyacrylonitrile to obtain a membrane casting solution; then the membrane casting solution is placed in a coagulating bath of water, metal ions and chloridions are gradually dispersed into the water, and a N-isopropylacrylamide grafted polyacrylonitrile polymer is subjected to phase transformation to form the membrane. The metal ions and the chloridions achieve a hole forming function, N-isopropylacrylamide and polyacrylonitrile are subjected to microphase separation, and a hydrophili channel subjected to ion hole forming is formed in the interface of N-isopropylacrylamide and polyacrylonitrile. The filtering membrane is expected to be used for the fields of fine separation, temperature response membrane on-off and the like.

The invention discloses a method for in-situ modification of a three-dimensional carbon microbial fuel cell by nanometer porous molybdenum carbide. According to the method, a carbon felt electrode is used as a substrate, phosphomolybdic acid is used as a molybdenum source, the porous-structured nanometer molybdenum carbide is uniformly grown on carbon felt fiber in an in-situ way by two steps of electrostatic self-assembly of a poly diallyldimethylammonium chloride medium and high-temperature carbonization under reduction atmosphere, and the method is simple in operation step and is controllable. The prepared three-dimensional composite electrode is applied to a positive electrode of the microbial fuel cell; and compared with a non-modified carbon felt electrode, the three-dimensional composite electrode has the advantages of larger electrochemical active area and better biological compatibility, and has unique electrocatalytic activation on oxidization-reduction reaction of an electron medium, the activation overpotential of the positive electrode is reduced, and the generation power density of the microbial fuel cell is remarkably improved.

The invention provides a method for preparing a chromium removal enhancer. The method comprises the following steps: (a) calcining kaolin, mixing the calcined kaolin and an acid solution, performing suction filtration, and washing and drying the obtained solid; (b) mixing the kaolin obtained in the step (a) and an mixed solution, and reacting to obtain the chromium removal enhancer, wherein the mixed solution is a mixed solution of a reducing agent, an antioxidant, an enhancer and water. According to the chromium removal enhancer prepared by the invention, the kaolin is taken as a raw material, the reducing agent, the antioxidant and the enhancer are mixed with the modified kaolin, and the chromium removal enhancer is obtained after the reaction. According to the chromium removal enhancer prepared by the invention, due to dual effects of adsorption and reduction, hexavalent chromium in cement is effectively removed, and physical properties of the cement are improved. The invention also provides the chromium removal enhancer prepared according to the method.

The invention relates to a silicon dioxide base ultrasonic contrast medium/high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) synergist and a preparation method thereof. The silicon dioxide base ultrasonic contrast medium/HIFU synergist comprises a mesoporous silica nano capsule and a guest molecule, wherein the surface of the mesoporous silica nano capsule is modified by polyethylene glycol, and the guestmolecule is loaded in the mesoporous silica nano capsule and is used for HIFU synergism. In the synergist, the advantages of inorganic mesoporous silica nano particles and organic fluorocarbons are well combined. An organically and inorganically composite nano ultrasonic contrast medium/HIFU synergist can be provided. A diagnosis and treatment agent which is more stable, higher in biocompatibility, more excellent in ultrasonic contrast performance and obvious in the HIFU synergism is obtained.

The invention discloses a synthetic method for a mesoporous foamed silica-loaded precious metal nanometer catalyst. According to the invention, ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is used as a silicon source, Pluronic P123 is used as a structure-directing agent, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is used as a pore-enlarging agent, a precious metal inorganic salt is used as a precursor, and 3-(mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane is used as a precious metal salt coupling agent; and a one-pot process is employed for synthesis of the mesoporous foamed silica-loaded Au(Au-Pt or Au-Pd) nanometer catalyst. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple synthesis process, good repeatability, high metal dispersity, etc.; the prepared catalyst has the advantages of good precious metal nanoparticle dispersity (wherein a particle size is in a range of 2 to 8 nm) and well-developed mesoporous channels (5 to 25 nm); and precious metal nanoparticles are directly connected with a silicon skeleton through interaction with organic groups on the skeleton, so the catalyst has substantially improved stability and prolonged service life.

The invention discloses a supercapacitor-used nickel vanadate material preparation method, which comprises steps: 1, ammonium vanadate is dissolved in a solvent, nickel nitrate is added, and a reaction precursor solution is obtained; 2, a basic structure directing agent is used to adjust the pH value of the reaction precursor solution to 7 to 12, and by uniform mixing, a reaction mixed solution isobtained; and 3, the reaction mixed solution is transferred to an autoclave, reaction for 8 to 15 h under 100 to 180 DEG C is carried out, and a product nickel vanadate material is obtained. A one-step hydrothermal method is adopted, multiple alkaline reagents are used as structure directing agents, the nickel vanadate material is obtained through adjusting the pH, the operation is simple and safe, the cost is low, and the product purity is high. The invention also discloses a flower-like nickel vanadate material, the material presents a flower-like structure with lamellar layers, the specific surface area is large, the conductivity and the surface permeability are good, and multiple reactive sites exist. The invention also discloses application of the flower-like nickel vanadate materialas a supercapacitor electrode material, the specific capacitance is high, capacity retention and rate performance are good, and the electrochemical impedance is low.

The invention provides a preparation method of an activated zeolite molecular sieve supported titanium dioxide photocatalysis material. The method comprises the following steps: activating natural zeolite molecular sieve to obtain activated zeolite molecular sieve; and mixing and stirring the activated zeolite molecular sieve, tetrabutyl titanate, acetic acid, nitric acid and anhydrous ethanol, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment, stirring, ageing, drying and calcining to obtain the activated zeolite molecular sieve supported titanium dioxide photocatalysis material. The activated zeolite molecular sieve supported titanium dioxide photocatalysis material has larger specific surface area than an inactivated zeolite supported titanium dioxide material, and the specific surface area of the activated zeolite molecular sieve supported titanium dioxide photocatalysis material reaches 280.1 m<2>/g; the activated zeolite molecular sieve supported titanium dioxide photocatalysis material has better adsorption performance than the inactivated zeolite supported titanium dioxide material, and the adsorption rate of the activated zeolite molecular sieve supported titanium dioxide photocatalysis material reaches 94.7%; and additionally, the activated zeolite molecular sieve supported titanium dioxide photocatalysis material has high photocatalysis performance, and the photocatalysis degradation rate reaches 98.6%. The activated zeolite molecular sieve supported titanium dioxide photocatalysis material has wider aperture distribution than the inactivated zeolite supported titanium dioxide material.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a bi-metal cyanide catalyst, which comprises the following steps: under the condition of stirring, respectively preparing water soluble metal salts and water soluble metal cyanide salts into a reverse microemulsion; under the condition of stirring, dropwise adding and mixing the two reverse microemulsions so as to generate a precipitate; and separating the precipitate, cleaning the obtained product by using an aqueous solution of an organic solvent, and drying the obtained product so as to obtain the bi-metal cyanide catalyst. The catalyst prepared by using the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the yield is high, the average aperture is large, a multistage porous structure with certain middle holes and large holes is formed, and in a reaction process of synthesizing poly (propylene carbonate) polyols through catalytic copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide, the improvement of the mass transfer of reactants and reaction products on the surface of the catalyst and the heat transfer in a process of high exothermic reaction is facilitated.

The invention relates to a process for preparing biodegradable spherical porous starch foam and a biodegradable spherical porous starch foam administration system for an insoluble medicament. The process adopts an emulsifying-freeze thawing combined solvent displacement method, and comprises the following steps of: performing high-speed stirring or homogenizing treatment (emulsion homogenizing machine) on starch-melted aqueous solution with certain concentration serving as a water phase, methylbenzene/chloroform mixed solution (or other emulsion oil phase) serving as an oil phase and Span80 (or other W/O emulsifying agent) serving as an emulsifying agent to form uniform W/O emulsion, standing the emulsion for certain time at the temperature of 20 DEG C below zero, demixing the emulsion by gelling, dehydrating the layers in turn by adopting balance of aqueous solution of methanol with different concentrations, separating and removing the methylbenzene/chloroform layer by adopting a separating funnel, balancing the solution by using anhydrous ethanol, filtering the solution, and drying the filtrate with vacuum to obtain the biodegradable spherical porous starch foam. The foam material suitable to be used as an insoluble medicament carrier increases the specific surface area and water solubility of the insoluble medicament, and finally improves the bioavailability of the insoluble medicament.

The invention discloses an activated carbon material and a preparation method thereof and a supercapacitor, which belong to the technical field of electrode materials. The activated carbon material is prepared by taking blocky graphite as a raw material through heating the blocky graphite to 500-700 DEG C at a heating rate of 10-20 DEG C/min; carbonizing the blocky graphite, and heating the blocky graphite to 700-900 DEG C at a heating rate of 0-20 DEG C/min; and feeding activation gas for activating the obtained object, so that an activated carbon material with large specific surface area, large total pore volume and high porosity is obtained. Because the blocky graphite is taken as a raw material, the activated carbon material is wide in source and low in price, thereby saving cost. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is mild in activation conditions, small in energy consumption, environmentally friendly, easy to operate, wide in raw material sources, low in cost, and suitable for large-scale industrial production. The supercapacitor disclosed by the invention takes the activated carbon material prepared according to the invention as an electrode material, so that the specific capacitance and charge-discharge cycle performance of the supercapacitor are improved, and the requirements of the supercapacitor on high specific capacitance and excellent large current properties are met.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a microporous adsorbent from sludge, a product and special equipment. The microporous adsorbent is prepared from microorganism individuals which naturally survive in urban sludge and serve as a pore-forming agent (or named a pore-forming module), and a multi-purpose hybrid charged adsorbent is prepared by using the adsorbent as a nucleus and adding an outer layer of which the framework is a polar nanoscale porous material. The nucleus of a composite material is a nonpolar adsorbent, and a polar adsorbent is adhered to the outer layer of the composite material; the material has high mechanical strength, long service life and wide pore size distribution, has high adsorption capacity and adsorption rate for various inorganic and organic gases, and organic substances, heavy metal ions and the like in an aqueous solution, and is widely applied, low in manufacturing cost and favorable for the low-cost operation of industry and environmental industry; the mass range and application range of the material are wider than those of activated carbon; and the material has the adsorption capability more superior to that of a powdered activated carbon reagent particularly for substances with polarity in multi-aspect practical application.

The invention discloses a high-selectivity self-microporous polyamide nanofiltration composite membrane and a preparation method thereof. The composite membrane is formed by compounding an ultrafiltration base membrane and a polyamide separation layer, wherein the polyamide separation layer is formed by polymerizing a water-phase mixed amine solution and an organic acyl chloride solution on the surface of the ultrafiltration base membrane, the water-phase mixed amine solution is a mixed solution of organic amine and an amine monomer which contains a sulfonic acid quaternary ammonium salt group and has a rigid twisted structure; the ultrafiltration base membrane can also adopt a surface hydrophilic modified ultrafiltration base membrane, and the polyamide separation layer is polymerized on the surface of the hydrophilic modified ultrafiltration base membrane in an in-situ support-free interface polymerization mode, so that the ultrathin high-selectivity self-microporous polyamide nanofiltration composite membrane can be obtained. The high-selectivity self-microporous nanofiltration membrane is prepared by introducing a novel amine monomer which contains a sulfonic acid quaternary ammonium salt group and has a rigid twisted structure, and the problems that an existing self-microporous nanofiltration membrane is relatively hydrophobic, so that the flux is low, the selectivity is insufficient, the pollution resistance is poor due to large membrane surface roughness and the like can be solved.

A preparation method of a hierarchical pore carbon-based catalyst for catalytic reforming of coal tar belongs to the technical field of preparation of catalysts for catalytic reforming of coal tar, and can solve a problem that the large diffusion resistance of existing microporous carbon-based catalysts having a small pore size is not conducive to the proceeding of a catalytic reaction. The methodcomprises the following steps: carrying out steam activation on low metamorphic coal under the catalysis of a calcium-containing mineral matter to obtain semi-coke with a hierarchical pore structure,and using the semi-coke with the hierarchical pore structure as a carrier to support an active metal in order to prepare the carbon-based catalyst with a hierarchical pore structure. The catalyst hasdeveloped microporous and mesoporous structures, so the diffusion of heavy components in the tar in the pores of the catalyst and the contact of the heavy components with active sites are benefited,and the catalyst has a good catalytic effect in the catalytic reforming of coal tar, and has a broad application prospect.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode of a supercapacitor, comprising: (A) providing a carbon substrate and a phosphorus-containing precursor, and mixing the carbon substrate and the phosphorus-containing precursor at a ratio of 1:100 to 1000:1 by weight; (B) heating the mixture of the carbon substrate and the phosphorus-containing precursor to a temperature between 300° C. and 1100° C. to obtain a P-doped carbon substrate; and (C) forming an electrode of a supercapacitor by using the P-doped carbon substrate. The present invention also relates to a supercapacitor which comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte that is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is prepared by the above-mentioned method.

The invention discloses bacteriostatic paint and a production method thereof. The paint comprises the following components, in parts by weight, of 100-150 parts of phenolic resin, 100-150 parts of silicon dioxide aerogel, 50-80 parts of plant extracts, 50-60 parts of negative ion powder, 20-30 parts of nanometer titania, 30-40 parts of modified carbon nanotubes, 30-40 parts of graphene oxide, 20-30 parts of vitrified microspheres, 10-15 parts of chitosan, 3-5 parts of a surfactant, 3-5 parts of a bacteriostatic agent, 1-2 parts of a silane coupling agent and 1-2 parts of a levelling agent. Thepaint has the characters of being ageing-resistant, free from peeling and discoloration, high in weather resistance, non-toxic, odourless, good in levelling property and easy to apply, and is scrub-resistant, the original strength and quality of the paint can still be maintained after other functional components are added moderately, and the paint not only can release negative air ions for a longterm to purify air and to benefit human health, but also can restrain and sterilize bacteria.

The invention discloses a cross-linking agent modified XAD-4 resin, which is a mesoporous resin containing rich micropores and prepared from a cross-linking agent and an XAD-4 resin through Friedel-Crafts reaction, wherein the pore diameters of the mesoporous resin are distributed between 1 to 9.5 nm, the average pore diameter is 2.58-4 nm, the specific surface area is 721-1284 m<2>/g, and the pore volume is 0.67-1.1 cm<3>/g. The method for preparing the cross-linking agent modified XAD-4 resin comprises the following step of carrying out the Friedel-Crafts reaction between the cross-linking agent and the XAD-4 resin to prepare the modified XAD-4 resin, wherein the dosage of the cross-linking agent is 50-100% of the quantity of the XAD-4 resin material. The adsorbent has the characteristics of large specific surface area, narrow pore diameter distribution and easily controllable porous structure, and is obviously superior to the XAD-4 resin in the adsorption capability to nonpolar and weakly polar materials; and therefore, the adsorbent is wide in application prospect in fields of treating and recycling phenols wastewater and the like.

For the problems that a large quantity of organic solvents and pore-foaming agents which are difficult to recycle are used in the traditional membrane preparing process, environmental contamination is caused, the pore size distribution of membranes is wide, and the membranes lack of responsiveness, the invention provides a narrow pore size distributed hydrophilic filtering membrane sensitive to temperature and pH on the basis of the idea of bionics by taking a metal chloride saline solution as the solvent. A preparation method of the membrane comprises the steps that fibroin is grafted with polyacrylonitrile and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in a homogeneous mode, and a membrane casting solution is obtained; the membrane casting solution is put into a water coagulating bath, metal ions and chloride ions are gradually scattered in water, an the fibroin grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyacrylonitrile is subjected to phase transformation to form the membrane. The metal ions and the chloride ions play the role of hole forming, the fibroin, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyacrylonitrile are subjected to microphase separation, and water channels subjected to ion hole forming are formed in the interface. By means of the fibroin and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), the pH value sensitivity and temperature sensitivity of the membrane are achieved. By means of the hole forming effect of the metal ions and the chloride ions, the hole size of the membrane is smaller, and the hole size distribution is narrow.