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The application discloses a cobalt-iron catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The cobalt-iron catalyst is composed of iron elements, cobalt elements, metal element A and metal element B; the metal element A is at least one selected from Mn, Cu, Zn, Ti, Al, Cr, Ni, Ce and Zr; the metal element B is at least one selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; in the cobalt-iron catalyst, the metal elements exist in the form of elements, oxidation states or carbonization states; in the cobalt-iron catalyst, taking the total mass of the metal elements as 100 wt%, the content of the iron elements is 30-99 wt%, the content of the cobalt elements is 30-99 wt%, the content of the metal element A is 0.1-60 wt%, and the content of the metal element B is 0.01-50 wt%.

The invention discloses a cobalt-based catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. Comprising a cobalt element and an alkali metal element; the cobalt element exists in the form of a simple substance, cobalt oxide or cobalt carbide; the alkali metal element is selected from at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs; the alkali metal element exists in the form of a simple substance; in the cobalt-based catalyst, the total mass of the metal elements is 100 wt%, the content of the cobalt element is 50-99.5 wt%, and the balance is alkali metal elements. The catalyst has high activity and oxygen-containing compound selectivity in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The phenomenon of low selectivity of the oxygen-containing compound in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is effectively solved, and an effective way is provided for improving the selectivity of the oxygen-containing compound.