The invention provides a styrene acrylic emulsion-silica sol composite coating, and belongs to the technical field of coatings. The composite coating comprises the following components in part by weight: 30-40 parts of styrene acrylic emulsion, 5-12 parts of silica sol, 12-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3-5 parts of polyvinyl acetate-ethylene emulsion, 4-6 parts of styrene-butadiene resin emulsion, 2-3 parts of sodium potassium aluminosilicate, 1-3 parts of methyl sodium silicate, 4-7 parts of cellulose, 4-8 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-8 parts of triple superphosphate, 12-18 parts of bentonite, 10-15 parts of lithopone, 5-12parts of talcum powder, 2-3 parts of defoamer, 1-2 parts of surfactant, 2-4 parts of coupling agent, 1-3 parts of mildew inhibitor, 5-8 parts of ethylene glycol, 3-6 parts of hexanediol, 2-3 parts of hexamethoxyl melamine, 4-8 parts of ammonia and 50-80 parts of deionized water. The composite coating has the advantages of excellent adhesion, chemical reagent resistance and water resistance and long shelf life.