43results about How to "The process route is mature" patented technology

The invention discloses an active organic bacterial fertilizer and a preparation method of the active organic bacterial fertilizer. The active organic bacterial fertilizer takes plant ash, industrial and agricultural wastes containing organic matters, and an inorganic fertilizer as raw materials, and is prepared by once continuously fermenting, pelletizing, drying and screening bacterial strains bred from the raw materials. The preparation method of the active organic bacterial fertilizer can consume a large amount of wasted industrial and agricultural wastes containing the organic matters, reduce the environmental pollution, and also solve the problems of soil hardening, fertilizer efficiency reduction and environmental pollution caused by long-term fertilizer application in the crops cultivation and urban landscaping processes. The preparation method of the active organic bacterial fertilizer can provide the novel fertilizer source for the agricultural production.

The invention discloses a synthesis method of a self-repairing elastomer material based on eucommia rubber, and relates to a synthesis method of the self-repairing elastomer material. By adoption of a preparation method with an emulsion process and a Sol-Gel technology and chemical modification, a multi-functional-group modifier is introduced into a eucommia rubber molecular chain, and a self-repairing structural mechanism is introduced, so that the eucommia rubber is endowed with the self-repairing performance. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: firstly, performing partial epoxidation modification on double bonds in a main molecular chain of the eucommia rubber; adding an excellent solvent and deionized water into the eucommia rubber in sequence, preparing into a stable emulsion, then adding an epoxidation reagent for epoxidation reaction, performing ring-opening condensation reaction on an epoxy group and the multi-functional-group modifier to graft multiple functional groups to the molecular chain of the eucommia rubber. Quick auto repairing can be realized at room temperature, and no heating pressurization is needed in a self-repairing process; the synthesis method has a very important application value in the fields of aerospace, buildings, automobiles, bionts, marine industry and the like.

The invention discloses an active organic bacterial manure and a preparation method thereof. The active organic bacterial manure is prepared by the following steps of: performing one-time continuous fermentation, granulation, drying and screening on plant ash, industrial and agricultural wastes enriched with organic matters, and an inorganic fertilizer which are used as raw materials and inoculating bacteria subjected to breeding from the raw materials above. According to the active organic bacterial manure, the industrial and agricultural wastes enriched with the organic matters can be greatly consumed, and the environmental pollution is reduced; in the process of crop cultivation and urban greening, the problems of soil hardening, gradual fertilizer efficiency reduction and environmental pollution which are caused by that fertilizers are used year by year are solved; and a new fertilizer source is supplied to the agricultural production.

The invention provides a manufacturing method for a multi-core optical fiber preform. Optical fiber prepared by the manufacturing method contains a plurality of independent fiber cores, so as to greatly improve the transmission capacity of the optical fiber. Meanwhile, the multi-core optical fiber preform is superior to the standard in bending resistance and in-core independent transmission property. The fiber cores and preform cladding are respectively manufactured. Each fiber core comprises a core and core cladding, wherein the core is prepared by a chemical vapor deposition (VAD) process and doped with germanium; the core cladding is prepared by the VAD process and doped with fluorine, sintered, sleeved on a post and then punched; and then the core and the core cladding are melted and shrunk to form the fiber core, and then the fiber core is inserted into a corresponding deep bore of the preform cladding.

The present invention discloses one kind of organic fertilizer and its preparing process, and belongs to the field of organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is prepared with papermaking black liquor and wheat bran as material and through inoculation, anaerobic acidifying and twice composing. The organic fertilizer has organic matter as main component, and has the obvious effects of promoting crop growth, raising ventilation of soil, preserving fertilizer and water.

The invention belongs to the technical field of processing of marine products, and relates to a preparation method of specially-made sea cucumber powder. The preparation method comprises six steps, including treatment of fresh sea cucumbers, preparation of traditional Chinese medicine components, decoction of yellow wine medicine soup, soaking of the sea cucumbers, freeze-drying of specially-made sea cucumbers and low-temperature crushing: firstly, treating the fresh sea cucumbers for later use, and soaking the sea cucumbers in a deodorizing solution prepared from a ferment solution for deodorization; secondly, weighting, mixing and batching the traditional Chinese medicine components by weight, decocting with yellow wine to form the yellow wine medicine soup, and subsequently putting the deodorized sea cucumbers into the yellow wine medicine soup for special preparation; finally freeze-drying the specially-made sea cucumbers into a dried product, and then crushing the dried product into powder by using a low-temperature crusher to prepare a specially-made sea cucumber powder finished product. The specially-made sea cucumber powder is mixed with warm boiling water for drinking. The preparation method of the specially-made sea cucumber powder is mature in process route, equipment is easy to get, the product is rich in nutrients and remarkable in health care and health maintenance effects, the cost is lowered, effective utilization of resources is guaranteed, the specially-made sea cucumber powder is convenient to eat, and the production is environment-friendly.

The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea food processing and relates to an extraction method for natural instant oyster powder. The extraction method comprises the steps of stewing oysters, peeling off oyster meat, stirring the oyster meat and distilled water into homogenate, adding the homogenate into a trypsin water bath for enzymolysis to obtain enzymatic hydrolysate, and performing water bath enzyme deactivation on the enzymatic hydrolysate to obtain enzyme-deactivated homogenate; digesting chicken blocks, water, ginger slices, shallots and cooking wine under controlled temperature to prepare chicken soup, removing oil from the chicken soup after the chicken soup is cooled, filtering the chicken soup, and uniformly mixing the chicken soup with the enzyme-deactivated homogenate to prepare mixed homogenate; performing spray drying on the mixed homogenate to obtain dried instant oyster powder; finally adding pepper powder into the dried instant oyster powder, performing vacuum packaging after uniform stirring is executed according to the specification that each bag contains 5, 10 or 20 grams of the powder to prepare the natural instant oyster powder. The technical line is mature; the processing preparation is simple; equipment is readily available; the production cost is low; the prepared instant oyster powder is rich in nutrition, easily absorbed by a human body and is convenient to carry and drink.

The invention provides a functional filling capable of improving the wear-resistant property of plastic and rubber, which is characterized in that the raw material of the filling is the fragments generated during jade processing, the silicate compound grains with a laminated structure having an average particle size of 0.5 to 20 micron are obtained after the raw material is grinded, screened, graded and dried, the water content is less than 0.4%, and the functional filling is obtained after activating treatment is done to the silicate compound grains and an coupling agent. Plastic or rubber modified by the functional filling has excellent wear-resisting property, and materials made by which have excellent processing property and excellent mechanical property. The filling is mainly applied to the industries having high requirements on wear-resisting properties such as the PVC plastic wire and cable industry and the rubber conveyer belt industry. The invention is also advantaged in that the fragments produced during jade processing is better used, thereby turning wastes into treasure and reducing environmental pollution effectively. Moreover, the production process is simple and the production cost is low.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine preparation and relates to a novel three-dimensional cod-liver oil emulsion. The three-dimensional cod-liver oil emulsion comprises an oil phase, a water phase and an emulsifying agent, wherein the oil phase comprises soybean oil, cod-liver oil, the vitamin A and the vitamin D, the water phase is purified water, and the emulsifying agent comprises vitamin C soyabean lecithin micro-capsules. The preparing technology includes the steps of preparing a soyabean lecithin solution, preparing the phosphatide micro-capsules and emulsifying, wherein soyabean lecithin is added into absolute ethyl alcohol and completely dissolved through stirring to obtain the soyabean lecithin solution; the vitamin C is put into a boiling drying bed, and the soyabean lecithin solution is sprayed into the boiling drying bed to obtain the vitamin C soyabean lecithin micro-capsules after drying; the cod-liver oil, the vitamin A and the vitamin D are dissolved in the soybean oil through mixing and stirring, the vitamin C soyabean lecithin micro-capsules and the purified water are sequentially added and evenly stirred, and then reverse tangent emulsifying is carried out to obtain the three-dimensional cod-liver oil emulsion finished product. The preparing technology is mature in route, and the three-dimensional cod-liver oil emulsion is rich in nutrient, good in mouthfeel and taste, low in processing cost, safe and reliable.

The invention relates to a weakly polar paper filter material and preparation and application methods thereof, belonging to the technical field of preparation of cigarette filter sticks. The paper filter material comprises 2-50 percent of weakly polar chemical fiber, 0.1-3 percent of polarity regulating aid and the balance of natural plant fiber such as wood pulp fiber, jute pulp fiber and the like. The invention has the advantages: the overall polarity of the cigarette paper filter material is lowered, so that the smoking taste of paper filter material cigarettes is improved remarkably; and moreover, the method has high process reliability and is easy for realizing industrial production.

The invention provides a double-pore-channel crystallization aluminosilicate molecular sieve catalyst and a preparing method thereof.The preparing method of the catalyst includes the following steps that a double-pore-channel crystallization aluminosilicate molecular sieve carrier with the ten-membered ring ordinal micropore characteristic and the twelve-membered ring ordinal micropore characteristic is adopted, wherein a twelve-membered ring has the non-through pore channel characteristic; the molecular sieve carrier is subjected to ion exchange through a weakly acidic solution, then the product is loaded and modified through metal elements or non-metallic elements to be dried and roasted, and the propylene methyl-alcohol or / and dimethyl-ether conversion preparing catalyst can be obtained.The catalyst is used for a propylene methyl-alcohol or / and dimethyl-ether conversion preparing reaction, the mass selectivity of propylene in non-aqueous products can be 50wt% or above, and the mass ratio of propylene to ethylene is larger than 15.

The invention belongs to the technical field of brewing of beer and relates to a preparation method of rose beer. The method comprises three processes of preparation of rose juice, preparation of malt juice and mixed fermentation and is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly washing rose petals with a citric acid aqueous solution, then putting the washed rose petals into hot water for blanching, cooling and then saccharifying according to a conventional process method, carrying out enzyme deactivation on the saccharified rose sauce, and finally extruding and filtering the rose sauce by using a conventional extrusion device to prepare raw rose juice; smashing malt, then adding water into the smashed malt for pasting wort, then saccharifying, then raking grains, standing, refluxing and washing grains, then adding lupulus into a saccharifying pot, clarifying and then cooling to obtain the malt juice; preparing the malt juice into beer, then adding the rose juice in the fermenting process, fermenting, then reducing the temperature, and filtering and clarifying to prepare the rose beer. The preparation method of the rose beer is mature in process route, simple to process and prepare and low in production cost; the prepared rose beer is rich in nutrition and pure in wine fragrance, is refreshing and delicious, has function and taste of the beer and can achieve the healthcare effect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine preparation, and relates to a method for preparing a three-vitamin cod-liver oil emulsion by extracting the vitamin C to an emulsifying layer from a water phase of the emulsion. The preparing method includes the technical steps of preparing a soyabean lecithin solution, preparing phosphatide micro-capsules and emulsifying, wherein soyabean lecithin is added into absolute ethyl alcohol and completely dissolved through stirring to obtain a soyabean lecithin solution; the vitamin C is put into a boiling drying bed, and the soyabean lecithin solution is sprayed into the boiling drying bed to obtain vitamin C soyabean lecithin micro-capsules after drying; cod-liver oil, the vitamin A and the vitamin D are dissolved in soybean oil through mixing and stirring, the vitamin C soyabean lecithin micro-capsules and purified water are sequentially added and evenly stirred, and then reverse tangent emulsifying is carried out to obtain the three-vitamin cod-liver oil emulsion finished product. The preparing technology is mature in route, and the three-vitamin cod-liver oil emulsion is rich in nutrient, good in mouthfeel and taste, low in processing cost, safe and reliable.

The invention relates to preparation of paint, and aims at providing a preparation method for hydrophobic nanometer modified resin composite paint used for an LED base plate. The method comprises: firstly uniformly dispersing nanometer alpha-Al2O3 and butanol; then adding a silane coupling agent KH560 and ageing, so as to obtain a modified alpha-Al2O3 sol, and performing concentration distillation; uniformly mixing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, n-butanol and formic acid, then adding deionized water, and ageing to obtain a silicon fluoride oligomer sol; and dispersing the former two products, an epoxy resin monomer, 2-butanone, xylene and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediolmono(2-methylpropanoate), so as to obtain the paint. By introducing alpha-Al2O3 nano-particle into a conventional epoxy resin coating, the heat conductivity of resin is improved, also the excellent coating property and the workability of resin are maximumly kept, and the price is relatively appropriate. The hydrophobicity is substantially improved, and the short circuit problem caused by air moist is reduced. The prepared hydrophobic nanometer modified resin composite paint is suitable for production processing on a conventional production line, and is beneficial improvement on the basis of a conventional epoxy-resin-coated aluminium base plate.

The invention provides a treatment method for midcourse sewage in basic straw pulp. Wherein, pretreating the sewage in radial-flow deposition pond to remove leak fiber and mud; sending the supernatant into the hydrolysis acidification system; with the action of anaerobe, sending to physical-chemical treatment system when reducing pH value from 8.5-9.5 to 6.5-7.5; removing most hard biodegraded organic with high-efficiency water purification agent of composite polymerized iron aluminum chloride and polyacrylamide; sending the supernatant into the aeration biochemical treatment system, degrading most organic with aerobic bacteria; sending the supernatant into the first-stage stable pond to deposit the organic further, adding hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and ozone for advanced treatment, and sending to the second stable pond for further deposition; sending the midcourse water to the main drain. The treated water has COD, BOD and SS less than 100mg / L, 10mg / L and 10mg / L respectively, and pH value within 6.5-7, is colorless and ordorless, and fits to irrigation and production.

The invention relates to a method for fluoride-free extraction of valuable components from ilmenorutile. The method comprises the following steps of (1) sequentially carrying out primary roasting and secondary roasting on the ilmenorutile to obtain a roasted material; and (2) sequentially performing water treatment and acid treatment on the roasted material obtained in the step (1) to obtain acid treatment liquid, and then performing extraction and reverse extraction to obtain niobium-containing material liquid, wherein an auxiliary agent in the primary roasting comprises triethanolamine. The triethanolamine is introduced for roasting, the valuable components in rutile are activated and then released through pre-roasting treatment and interaction of functional groups of the triethanolamine and mineral phases in the rutile in the roasting process, then valuable metal is released more sufficiently and rapidly through subsequent roasting, and the release effect is enhanced; and the efficient extraction of niobium can be realized by introducing a small amount of oxalic acid in the acid treatment process, namely the efficient extraction of the niobium can be realized in a non-whole oxalic acid system.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing 3, 8-dimethyl-3, 5, 7-octtriene-1, 10-dialdehyde, the method comprises the following steps: taking 2-butene-1, 4-tetraethyl diphosphate and 4, 4-dimethoxy-2-butanone as raw materials, firstly, taking cyclohexane and methylbenzene as solvents, adding a basic catalyst, a water-absorbing drying agent and crown ether, carrying out low-temperature reaction, then dissolving reactants in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid and water, and carrying out a reaction at a high temperature to obtain the 3, 8-dimethyl-3, 5, 7-octtriene-1, 10-dialdehyde. The alkaline catalyst and the water-absorbing drying agent are added into a reaction system, and crown ether is added for catalysis so that the yield of the synthesized beta-carotene key intermediate is obviously increased, the synthesis process of the intermediate is optimized, the synthesis efficiency of the intermediate is improved, and the synthesis process is easy in raw material obtaining, simple in process, convenient to operate and relatively low in cost, and green development is met and industrialization is easy to achieve.

The present invention discloses one kind of organic fertilizer and its preparing process, and belongs to the field of organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is prepared with papermaking black liquor and wheat bran as material and through inoculation, anaerobic acidifying and twice composing. The organic fertilizer has organic matter as main component, and has the obvious effects of promoting crop growth, raising ventilation of soil, preserving fertilizer and water.

The invention relates to a weakly polar paper filter material and preparation and application methods thereof, belonging to the technical field of preparation of cigarette filter sticks. The paper filter material comprises 2-50 percent of weakly polar chemical fiber, 0.1-3 percent of polarity regulating aid and the balance of natural plant fiber such as wood pulp fiber, jute pulp fiber and the like. The invention has the advantages: the overall polarity of the cigarette paper filter material is lowered, so that the smoking taste of paper filter material cigarettes is improved remarkably; and moreover, the method has high process reliability and is easy for realizing industrial production.

The invention relates to a preparation method of cod-liver oil. In accordance with composition and formulation, the percentage by mass of an oil phase in an emulsion is 55-90%, wherein the percentages by mass of various ingredients in the oil phase in the emulsion are as follows: 55-85% of soybean oil, 0.5-10% of cod-liver oil, 0.001-0.01% of vitamin A and 0.00001-0.0001% of vitamin D; the percentage by mass of an aqueous phase in the emulsion is 10-45%; the percentage by mass of an emulsifying agent in the emulsion is 0.1-3%, wherein a vitamin C soybean phospholipid micro-capsule in the emulsifying agent consists of the following ingredients: vitamin C and a capsule-forming material, namely soybean phospholipid, at the mass ratio of 1: (2.5-6), and soybean phospholipid and a solvent, namely absolute ethyl alcohol, at the mass ratio of 1: (10-100); and the preparation method comprises three processing steps: preparing a soybean phospholipid solution, preparing the phospholipid micro-capsule and conducting emulsifying. The preparation method is mature in preparation process route, and the finished product (the cod-liver oil) is rich in nutrition, good in taste, low in processing cost, safe and reliable and environment-friendly to eat.

The invention discloses a chitosan microsphere simultaneously containing 5-fluorouracil and an oleanolic acid derivative and a preparation method of the chitosan microsphere. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly adopting an ionic crosslinking method to prepare a chitosan microsphere simultaneously coating 5-fluorouracil and succinyl oleanolate, wherein the obtained microsphere is round in form, smooth in surface and uniform in particle size; the encapsulation efficiency of 5-fluorouracil is 52.23+ / -1.76%; the average particle size is 563+ / -101 nm. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is stable and reliable in process; the obtained chitosan microsphere is good in slow release effect and meanwhile can play the synergetic anti-tumor function of 5-fluorouracil and the oleanolic acid derivative.

The invention discloses an active organic bacterial manure and a preparation method thereof. The active organic bacterial manure is prepared by the following steps of: performing one-time continuous fermentation, granulation, drying and screening on plant ash, industrial and agricultural wastes enriched with organic matters, and an inorganic fertilizer which are used as raw materials and inoculating bacteria subjected to breeding from the raw materials above. According to the active organic bacterial manure, the industrial and agricultural wastes enriched with the organic matters can be greatly consumed, and the environmental pollution is reduced; in the process of crop cultivation and urban greening, the problems of soil hardening, gradual fertilizer efficiency reduction and environmental pollution which are caused by that fertilizers are used year by year are solved; and a new fertilizer source is supplied to the agricultural production.

The invention discloses a method for treating the surface of a glass accessory. The method includes the first step of using alcohol to clean an adhesive region in the surface of the glass accessory and drying the adhesive region, the second step of using a plasma device to treat the surface of the glass accessory, wherein the input air pressure of the plasma device is 0.4-1.0Mpa, the plasma device can filter particles of over 0.3 micron, and the oil content at 20 DEG C is smaller than 0.1mg / m<3>, the third step of using a plasma outer flame to treat the adhesive region at the speed of 80-120mm / s, wherein a nozzle of a spray gun of the plasma device is 5-25mm away from the adhesive region, and the fourth step of enabling the adhesive region to be evenly coated with prime coat and then drying the adhesive region. According to the method, plasma treatment is adopted, it is guaranteed that the surface of the glass accessory will not be damaged, installation adhesion stress of the glass accessory is improved, the firmness and reliability of the glass accessory after installation are guaranteed, and the integral safety of an automobile is improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing cigarette filter rods by Lyocell bundles and belongs to the technical field of cigarette filter stick manufacturing. According to the method for preparing the cigarette filter rods by the Lyocell bundles, Lyocell filaments are subjected to primary bundling to be fibrillated and then subjected to secondary bundling and curved to form the Lyocell bundles for manufacturing the cigarette filter rods. The method has the advantages that the Lyocell filaments after being fibrillated is remarkably higher in cigarette tar reducing capability and can be further used for manufacturing the cigarette filter rods, and the method is simple in processing route, controllable in fibrillation degree, low in cost and easy to achieve industrial production.

The invention belongs to the field of beer brewing technology and in particular relates to a method for preparing health-care purple sweet potato beer. The method comprises the processes of purple sweet potato juice preparation, wort preparation and mixed fermentation; specifically, the method comprises the steps of cleaning mud and sands and fungi outside purple sweet potatoes with a citric acid aqueous solution, feeding the cleaned purple sweet potatoes into a steam oven to be steamed, cooling, saccharifying with a conventional process, carrying out enzyme deactivation on saccharified purple sweet potato sauce, squeezing by conventional extruding equipment, and filtering to obtain normal juice of the purple sweet potatoes; crushing malts, adding water for mash gelatinization, saccharifying, carrying out grain raking, standing, refluxing and grain washing, adding hop into a mash kettle, clarifying, and cooling to obtain wort; and adding the normal juice of the purple sweet potatoes during post fermentation in wort beermaking, fermenting, cooling, filtering and clarifying to obtain the health-care purple sweet potato beer. The process route is ripe, the production cost is low, the prepared purple sweet potato beer is rich in nutrition, is fresh and cool, has pure aroma and beer function and taste, and also achieves the health-care effect.

The invention discloses a regulation and control method of an MXenes topological structure, an MXenes gel membrane electrode and an energy storage device. The regulation and control method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing an MXenes nanosheet dispersion liquid with an etching agent, and converting the original straight and flat topological structure of the MXenes nanosheet into a curved and wrinkled topological structure by the etching agent to obtain the dispersion liquid of the highly curved and wrinkled MXenes nanosheet; (2) purifying the dispersion liquid of the MXenes nanosheet with the high bending folds, so as to obtain the purified MXenes nanosheet with the bending folds; and (3) assembling the purified bent and wrinkled MXenes nanosheets, so as to obtain the MXenes gel membrane electrode. The MXenes gel membrane electrode prepared by the method has the characteristics of high density and an open pore structure, and the interlayer structure of the MXenes gel membrane electrode can effectively accommodate solvated Al < 3 + >, Mg < 2 + > and Ca < 2 + > plasmas and can also ensure that the solvated Al < 3 + >, Mg < 2 + > and Ca < 2 + > plasmas are compactly stored. When the MXenes gel membrane electrode regulated and controlled by the topological structure is used as a negative electrode material of an energy storage device, the MXenes gel membrane electrode shows ultrahigh volume specific capacity and excellent rate capability.

The invention discloses a high-molecular polymer for stabilizing immobilized protein, and a preparation method and application thereof. The high-molecular polymer is a polyethylene glycol-alkyl alcohol-bovine serum albumin-glucan compound having a structure as shown in a formula I which is described in the specification. The preparation method comprises the steps of: 1) synthesis of aminated glucan; 2) preparing polyethylene glycol-p-nitrophenyl chloroformate and alkyl alcohol-p-nitrophenyl chloroformate compounds; 3) synthesis of a polyethylene glycol-alkyl alcohol-glucan compound; and 4) preparation of the polyethylene glycol-alkyl alcohol-bovine serum albumin-glucan compound. According to the invention, stability tests for low value and high value quality control through accelerated aging tests at 37 DEG C are conducted, and test results show that the individual high-molecular polymer provided by the invention or a reconstitution solution of the high-molecular polymer can greatly enhance the stability of reagents; and the preparation method is relatively simple, a process route is mature, application is easy, the preparation of the high-molecular polymer is convenient, and the high-molecular polymer is easy to store.

This invention provides a method for treating black liquor from alkali-process straw pulp, and the application of the byproduct. The method comprises: sending fresh black liquor from alkali-process straw pulp (pH is 12-13) into an anaerobic bioreactor containing Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Halomonas sp., performing anaerobic biochemical treatment for 10-15 h to obtain active black liquor (pH is 7.5-8.0), aerating, evaporating, concentrating, and spray-granulating to obtain additive for fertilizer and feed, or industrial byproduct of petrochemical industry and power generation industry. Alternatively, the active black liquor can be directly deodored, sterilized by heating, and sprayed onto crops for improving the quality and increasing the yield, or added into feed for breeding chicks and pigs for stimulating the growth and accelerating the breeding speed. Compared with the present technique, the method can eliminate the environmental pollution of black liquor discharged from papermaking industry, and brings profit to medium and small papermaking plants that use straw as the raw material.