63 results about "SODIUM THIOGLYCOLATE" patented technology

The invention discloses a separation method of koechlinite mineral, which adopts BK510 reagent as inhibitor; wherein, the BK510 reagent comprises a component of sodium thioglycolate; BK510 reagent, econolite and coal oil are added to the koechlinite bulk concentrate and stirred; roughing of one time, choiceness of three times and scavenging of two times are processed and the molybdenum concentrate with molybdenum above 45% and bismuth below 0.70% is acquired; the BK510 reagent has the advantages of resolving the problems of large amount of sodium sulfide, abominable operating environment and serious pollution, convenient addition and safe use. The separation method of koechlinite mineral has the advantages of low amount of inhibitor, reducing pollution, and improving the production condition.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial culture, and concretely relates to an anaerobic enrichment medium and a preparation method thereof. The medium includes peptone, yeast extract powder, a brain and heart infusion broth, glucose, sodium thioglycolate, hemin, vitamin K1, an anticoagulant, an anaerobic indicator and distilled water; and the medium for promoting mass propagation of anaerobic bacteria can be prepared through a special ratio of the above components. The medium is used to clinically culture anaerobic pathogens in order to improve the positive detection rate of the anaerobic pathogens.

The invention discloses a method for culturing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by urea plant wastewater. According to the method, urea plant wastewater can be treated in low cost, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with important economic value can also be obtained, the waste is changed into treasures, harm is turned into a good and many things are achieved at one stroke. A traditional method for culturing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii comprises the step of culturing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in an open concrete runway pool by virtue of a TAP culture medium, and has the disadvantages of low growth speed, low output, great investment, easy pollution and low efficiency. According to the invention, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is cultured in a household mineral water bucket to achieve the advantages of low cost, small possibility of pollution, convenience in cleaning, reutilization and convenience in operation; since nutritional ingredients, such as urea plant wastewater, yeast extract powder, sodium deoxycholate, sorbitol, mannitol, sodium thioglycolate, soil extract liquid, sheep manure leachate, chicken manure leachate, L-arginine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, yeast extract, and diatomite powder are added into the culture medium, and an organic fertilizer is used in combination with an inorganic fertilizer, nutrition is more comprehensive and balanced, the growth rate and yield of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are substantially increased and the yield is increased by 280%.

The invention discloses a preparation method of sub-micron cellulose. The method comprises the steps: adding common plant fiber dissolving pulp into a mixed solution composed of two solvents of methanol, glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, N-N dimethyl acetamide and water, continually stirring the mixed solution, then adding NaOH or KOH for reacting for 10-100min, then adding one or two of sodium acetate, sodium monochloroacetate, sodium valproate and sodium thioglycolate for reacting for 1-10h, then carrying out washing with water, and carrying out filtering to obtain a sub-micron cellulose solution. The technology has no need of mechanical treatment and avoids massive energy loss. The preparation method of sub-micron cellulose adopts a fully chemical means for treatment and has the characteristics of simple process, low energy consumption, environment friendliness, low cost and the like, and simultaneously, the reaction solution can be reused through recovery equipment.

The invention discloses a culture medium and a detection method of aerogenic bacteria in cooking wine, comprising the steps of diluting a sample of cooking wine to be tested, inoculating the sample into a fermentation tube containing the culture medium, culturing for 48+ / -2 hours at 30+ / -1 DEG C, and detecting aerogenic bacteria according to whether the fermentation tube produces gas or not; the medium consists of the following parts by weight: 10 to 30 parts of sucrose, 3 to 6 parts of yeast extract, 4 to 10 parts of peptone, 3 to 10 parts of sodium chloride, 2 to 8 parts of yellow rice wine,and 1-2 parts of tween-80, 0.05-1 part of sodium thioglycolate, 0. 2-0.6 part of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0. 01-0.1 part of methionine, 0. 01-0.2 part of cysteine and 1000 parts of distil water. The detection method of the invention can detect the spoilage bacteria of cooking wine which is difficult to grow on the conventional culture medium, and the detection result of the detection method has good correlation with the spoilage gas production of food, which provides the basis for improving the production process, controlling the product quality and improving the product quality The method has the advantages of high detection efficiency, simplicity, low cost and easy popularization, and is suitable for industrial application.

The invention discloses a flotation separation agent system for copper-molybdenum mixed concentrates and application of the flotation separation agent system. The flotation separation agent system forthe copper-molybdenum mixed concentrates comprises a copper mineral inhibitor, a molybdenum mineral collector and a foaming agent in a copper-molybdenum flotation separation process. The copper mineral inhibitor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-7 parts of sodium hydroxide, 3-6 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 15-25 parts of sodium thioglycolate, 2-5 parts of pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate and a proper amount of water; the molybdenum mineral collector comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of kerosene and 5-10 parts of tert-dodecyl mercaptan; and the foaming agent is 2-hexanol. The inhibitor and the collector are high in selective adsorption capacity, the synergy performance is excellent, the activity of groups of the foaming agentis high, formed foams are crisp and compact, and the mineralization effect is good. According to the flotation separation agent system for copper and molybdenum, the floatability difference between molybdenum minerals and copper minerals in the complex copper and molybdenum mixed concentrates difficult to separate can be greatly improved, the mutual content of the copper and the molybdenum is effectively reduced, the separation index is excellent, adopted agents are nontoxic and harmless, and the influence on the environment is small.

The invention belongs to the technical field of beneficiation, and relates to a flotation process flow and a reagent system of nonferrou multi-metal sulfide ore, and in particular, relates to a flotation process and a reagent system for efficiently recovering lead, zinc and sulfur from lead-zinc-sulfur ore. In the preferential lead floating operation, zinc minerals are inhibited by adopting zinc sulfate and sodium thioglycolate, so that lead is efficiently separated from zinc and sulfur, zinc and pyrite; in the preferential zinc flotation operation, a lime and sodium sulfite sulfur-inhibitionprocess is adopted, so that zinc and pyrite are efficiently separated, and the quality and the recovery rate of lead concentrate and zinc concentrate are guaranteed. According to the lead-zinc-sulfurore flotation process and the reagent system provided by the invention, lead, zinc and sulfur are efficiently recycled, the ore dressing cost is greatly reduced, and social and economic benefits are achieved.

The invention discloses an energy storage lead-acid battery life-extension liquid and a preparation method thereof. The energy storage lead-acid battery life-extension liquid comprises the following parts of raw materials by weight: 10-16 parts of fosetyl-aluminum, 16-27 parts of dithiothreitol, 6-14 parts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 11-15 parts of sodium thioglycolate, 6-12 parts of chromium chloride, 5-10 parts of azelaic acid, and 45-60 parts of water. The energy storage lead-acid battery life-extension liquid of the present invention is compounded by fosetyl-aluminum, dithiothreitol, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium thioglycolate, chromium chloride, sebacic acid and water. The battery prepared by using the energy storage lead-acid battery life-extension liquid hasthe advantages of high cycle life, low capacity decay speed, strong charging acceptance, and the like, and has good social value and economic value; and the preparation method is simple and beneficialto realize industrial production.

The invention provides a liquid-solid combined fermentation process for Bacteroides fragilis. The process comprises a first step of preparing a liquid nutrient solution from, by weight, 0.5 to 2.5% of peptone, 0.2 to 0.5% of glucose, 0.001 to 0.5% of cysteine, 0.2 to 0.5% of NaCl, 0.1 to 0.3% of NaHPO4, 0.02 to 0.1% of sodium thioglycolate, 30 to 60% of liquid ox liver extract, 30 to 60% of liquid beef extract and 0.1 to 0.8% of yeast extract. The process provided by the invention employs liquid-solid combined fermentation, and a great amount of Bacteroides fragilis can be obtained in a short period of time by using the process; and the process has the advantages of easiness, small investment, easy controllability in operation, small possibility of infection with competitors due to implementation of all the operations under vacuum and aseptic conditions and high concentration of bacterial strains.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a methyl mercury removal agent. The method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively weighing tuff powder, aluminum powder, sodium hydroxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate, uniformly mixing to obtain inorganic carrier mixed powder, adding the inorganic carrier mixed powder into water, uniformly stirring, putting in a mold, curing and demolding to obtain an inorganic carrier test block, and crushing, grinding and screening the inorganic carrier test block to obtain inorganic carrier powder; (2) weighing iminodiacetic acid and sodium thioglycollate to be dissolved into water so as to obtain enhanced modification liquid; and (3) adding the inorganic carrier powder into the enhanced modification liquid, uniformly stirring, standing, air-drying and grinding, thereby obtaining the methyl mercury removal agent. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the preparation process is simple, the preparation cost is low, methyl mercury canbe fully adsorbed by the removal agent, and the problem in the prior art that the methyl mercury dissociates from the surface of the removal agent is solved.

The invention discloses a cleaning agent for removing stains on the surface of a silicon slice. The cleaning agent is prepared from 20-40% of polyving akohol derivant, 30-50% of p-alkyl polyoxyethylene octyl phosphates, 1-3% of OP, 15-30% of dodecyl sodium thioglycolate and 2-10% of water. According to the invention, the preparation process is simple; the cost is low; the cleaning agent is used for cleaning the stains on the surfaces of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon; the operation is convenient; the decontamination is fast, and the effect is good. Meanwhile, the cleaning agent has the effects of preventing stains from being formed on the surfaces of the monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon.

The invention discloses a culture medium and culture method for cultivating Botry coccus braunii by utilizing monosodium glutamate plant wastewater. The technique can treat monosodium glutamate plant wastewater at low cost, utilize waste, change wastes into valuable substances and obtain the Botry coccus braunii with important economic value, thereby implementing multiple purposes. The traditional culture medium for Botry coccus braunii is the Zhu's No.13 culture solution which has the defects of low growth speed, low yield, high investment, high tendency to pollution and low benefits. In the invention, a closed circular cement track tank, which has the advantages of low cost and low tendency to pollution and is easy to operate, is utilized for culture; the monosodium glutamate plant wastewater, sodium fluoride, soil extract, sea mud extract, cattle manure extract, chicken manure extract, L-arginine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sorbitol, mannitol, sodium thioglycolate and the like are added to the culture medium, and the organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are mixed; and thus, the nutrients are more comprehensive and balanced, the growth speed of the Botry coccus braunii is greatly enhanced, and the yield is enhanced by 320%.

The invention discloses a method for high-valued utilization of a thiourethane production tail liquid. A high-purity mercaptoacetic acid product can be obtained through separation. The method comprises the following steps: extracting mercaptoacetic acid in the enriched tail liquid by using a small amount of an extractant, removing impurities in the obtained primary extract in the mode that a reaction liquid is added for a one-step reaction to separate out an intermediate sodium thioglycolate, then preparing a solution from sodium thioglycolate obtained through filtration, acidizing the solution, performing secondary extraction, and then carrying out reduced pressure distillation to obtain a high-purity thioglycolic acid product. The method solves the problem of difficulty in treatment of the thiourethane production tail liquid, realizes high-value utilization of wastes, simplifies the production process, and reduces the production cost.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a sodium thioglycolate critical saturated aqueous solution from thionocarbamate tail liquid. The method comprises the steps of: firstly, acidizing the tail liquid of raw thionocarbamate with inorganic acid to obtain acidizing liquid with pH ranging from 0.5 to 2; standing the acidizing fluid for separating into an upper organic layer and a lower acidizing layer; adding an organic solvent into the acidizing layer for extraction; adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the extracted liquid for reaction, and recovering the organic solvent to obtainthe sodium thioglycolate critical saturated aqueous solution. According to the method, the thionocarbamate tail liquid is used for preparing the sodium thioglycolate critical saturated aqueous solution, the saturated solution can be directly used, and the characteristics that a sodium thioglycolate solid product is large in production energy consumption, prone to moisture and unstable are avoided;the prepared sodium thioglycolate critical saturated aqueous solution is high in purity, does not contain other impurities, and particularly does not contain thionocarbamate.

The invention discloses an improved formula of a TSA culture medium. The improved formula of the TSA culture medium consists of casein tryptone, soybean peptone, liver digests, a yeast extract, sodium chloride, sodium thioglycolate, glucose, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and agar, wherein each 1000ml of the culture medium consists of 15-20g of the casein tryptone, 1-5g of the soybean peptone, 1-5g of the liver digests, 1-5g of the yeast extract, 2-6g of the sodium chloride, 0.5-2g of the sodium thioglycolate, 1-4g of the glucose, 1-3g of the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 10-20g of the agar, and the pH value of the culture medium ranges from 7.1 to 7.5. The improved formula of the TSA culture medium provided by the invention can offer comprehensive nutrition, maintain bacterium osmotic pressure and repair damaged bacteria; and on the basis of avoiding influence on an existing performance, namely guaranteeing the culture of aerobes, the improved formula is applicable to the culture of most anaerobes as well.

The invention discloses an inhibitor for copper-molybdenum separation and a preparation method and application thereof.The inhibitor is a grafted copolymer DG-1 obtained after chitosan and sodium thioglycolate are grafted, the selectivity of sulfydryl to copper ions is enhanced through the product, the adsorption effect on the copper ions is enhanced, and molybdenite is not affected; secondly, a carboxyl group of a grafted product points to ore pulp and has more active sites, so that the solubility and the stability of single chitosan or sodium thioglycolate are enhanced; a third step; the copolymer is relatively simple to prepare and easy to realize, and the economic cost for inhibiting the chalcopyrite is effectively reduced. The inhibitor is used for separating copper and molybdenum and is environmentally friendly, the dosage is relatively small, and the process is simple and efficient.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a uranium ion trapping agent. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving ferric sulfate and ferrous sulfate into water, sealing and stirring to obtain an iron-based solution; dissolving sodium hydroxide and sodium thioglycolate into water, sealing and stirring to obtain a basic thiol solution; mixing the iron-based solution and the basicthiol solution, sealing and stirring, separating, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain thiol green-rust doped powder; (2) adding the thiol green-rust doped powder into a low temperature plasma apparatus to perform glow discharge treatment so as to obtain thiol green-rust doped powder subjected to plasma treatment; and (3) adding the thiol green-rust doped powder subjected to plasma treatmentinto a test tube filled with a chelating agent solution, sealing and carrying out a grafting reaction to obtain a chelating agent enhanced thiol green-rust doped mixture, separating, filtering, dryingand grinding, thereby obtaining the uranium ion trapping agent. According to the method disclosed by the invention, uranium ions in uranium-containing waste liquor can be rapidly removed, and the adsorbed uranium ions can be stabilized inside particles.

The invention relates to the technical field of bacterial strain culture and specifically provides a bacteria culture medium, a culture method and application of both. The bacteria culture medium disclosed by the invention is prepared from a basal culture medium and an additive, wherein the additive is prepared from L-cysteine and sodium thioglycolate. The culture medium can provide a nitrogen source, vitamins, growth factors, fermentable saccharides and the like required by lactic acid bacteria growth and meanwhile can inhibit growth of other infectious microbes; addition of the L-cysteine and sodium thioglycolate additive can slow down dissolution of cell walls of the lactic acid bacteria, so that the amount of dead bacteria in a later fermentation period is reduced, the lactic acid bacteria can keep high-density growth and high activity at the same time, and quick growth and massive proliferation of the lactic acid bacteria are promoted. The lactic acid bacteria culture method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simpleness, high efficiency, low cost, ability in massively proliferating high-activity and high-density lactic acid bacteria in a short period and significance in industrial culture of the lactic acid bacteria.

The invention provides a method for recovering sodium thioglycolate from ethionine ester synthesis wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: firstly adjusting the pH value, converting sodium thioglycollate in the wastewater into thioglycollic acid, then extracting the thioglycollic acid in the synthetic wastewater by adopting an organic phase with a neutral phosphorus extraction agent as a main component, then enriching the sodium thioglycollate in strip liquor through washing and reverse extraction, and adding low alcohol into the strip liquor to change the polarity of the solution, so that the sodium thioglycollate in the wastewater is obtained. The method has the characteristic of low energy consumption, and meanwhile, the purity of the sodium thioglycolate product is high.

The invention discloses a magnetic heavy metal trapping agent and an application thereof. The magnetic heavy metal trapping agent is prepared from ferrite and a sulfydryl-containing organic compound according to a molar ratio of 1: 1-3, and the sulfydryl-containing organic compound is sodium thioglycolate. According to the invention, an in-situ synthesis method is adopted, the method comprises thefollowing steps: adding ferrite and a sulfydryl-containing organic compound into the heavy metal-containing wastewater according to a certain ratio, controlling the pH value of the mixed solution tobe 7-9, controlling a certain stirring and mixing condition so that the sulfydryl-containing composite magnetic ferrite heavy metal trapping agent is synthesized in situ and heavy metal ions in wastewater are chelated to form precipitates, solid-liquid separation and heavy metal removal can be further achieved through the action of an external magnetic field, heavy metal removal can be completed only through one-step reaction, the process is convenient and simple, the reaction conditions are mild, and the heavy metal removal rate is high.

The invention provides a flotation reagent and a bismuth-zinc-sulfur polymetallic sulfide ore flotation separation method, and belongs to the technical field of ore dressing. In the first component of the flotation reagent, the lime and the sodium thioglycolate serve as inhibitors and can inhibit pyrite and (iron) sphalerite at the same time, the N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate serves as a collecting agent of bismuth minerals, zinc and sulfur can be inhibited, bismuth can be floated preferentially, and effective separation of bismuth, (iron) sphalerite and pyrite is achieved; and in the second component of the flotation reagent, lime serves as an inhibitor and can inhibit pyrite, copper sulfate and butyl xanthate serve as an activating agent and a collecting agent respectively, inhibited (iron) sphalerite can be activated and collected, and zinc-sulfur separation is achieved.

The invention relates to a culture medium for isolating and counting Clostridium butyricum, belonging to the field of microorganism separation and counting. Including tryptone 15.0g, beef extract powder 3.0g, yeast extract powder 1.0g, sodium chloride 5.0g, L-cysteine ​​hydrochloride 0.5g, sodium thioglycolate 0.5g, xylose 10.0g, Bromothymol blue 0.04g, agar powder 15.0g, purified water 900ml, D-cycloserine 0.25g, kanamycin sulfate 0.012g, egg yolk 25ml. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: first, the culture medium of the present invention can make Clostridium butyricum It can be clearly distinguished from other bacteria by visual observation, thereby achieving the purpose of isolating and counting Clostridium butyricum. Second, the effect is remarkable, direct and effective, and low in cost.

The present invention provides a flotation depressant for separating chalcopyrite and molybdenite, and a chalcopyrite and molybdenite beneficiation method, specifically relating to the field of mineral processing technology. The flotation depressant comprises sodium thioglycolate, a hydroxycarboxylic acid homologue, and a reducing agent in a mass ratio of (20-60):(1-5):(1-5). The hydroxycarboxylic acid homologue comprises at least one of 3-mercaptopropionic acid, β-mercaptopropionic acid, thiopropanoic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, and thiolactic acid. The flotation depressant provided by the present invention is economical to use and easy to add, effectively achieving efficient separation of molybdenite and chalcopyrite. Furthermore, the flotation depressant successfully solves the problem of excessive copper impurities in molybdenum concentrate when using only sodium thioglycolate, thereby reducing the overall cost of the depressant during flotation. The flotation depressant is not only highly efficient, but also clean and safe, effectively solving the difficulties in the separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite.

The invention relates to the technical field of copper-molybdenum separation inhibitors, and discloses a preparation method of a polythiocarboxylic acid amine copper-molybdenum separation inhibitor, which comprises the following steps of: separating and purifying tail liquid generated by preparing thionocarbamate to obtain sodium thioglycolate, and reacting with carbon disulfide by taking potassium hydroxide as a catalyst to obtain the polythiocarboxylic acid amine copper-molybdenum separation inhibitor. The novel polythiocarboxylic acid amine copper-molybdenum separation inhibitor is obtained. The resource utilization of the thionocarbamate tail liquid is realized, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the process is green and environment-friendly. The polythiocarboxylic acid amine copper-molybdenum separation inhibitor has the advantages of being good in adaptability, safe, environmentally friendly, good in inhibition effect, simple in process, wide in production raw material source and the like.

A camptothecin-containing pharmaceutical composition which contains: (a) camptothecin or a derivative thereof, and (b) one or more compounds selected from among ascorbic acid or a salt thereof, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium sulfite, potassium pyrosulfite, sodium erythorbate, sodium thioglycolate, sodium pyrosulfite, and α-thioglycerin. The pharmaceutical composition is useful in that, after storage for a long period of time or under light-irradiation conditions, camptothecin or a derivative thereof contained therein undergoes minimum degradation.

The invention discloses an anaerobic indicator. The anaerobic indicator consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100-1000 parts of sodium thioglycolate, 10-100 parts of methylene blue, 100-500 parts of a buffering agent, 5-10 parts of phenol red and 100-500 parts of agar. The anaerobic indicator disclosed by the invention has low cost and convenience in use, and is spilled out. Moreover, the color of the anaerobic indicator is easy to judge.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of scale and corrosion inhibition treatment for industrial circulating cooling water, and relates to a phosphorus-free composite scale and corrosion inhibitor for circulating water, its preparation method, and application. The composite scale and corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components by weight: 26-33% disodium cocoamphodipropionate, 8-10% sodium tartrate, 1-2% sodium thioglycolate, 0.1-0.2% concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 54.8-64.9% deionized water. The composite scale and corrosion inhibitor provided by the present invention not only has high scale inhibition performance, but also exhibits excellent corrosion inhibition performance in various circulating cooling water systems, exhibits broad-spectrum stability, and its key components are highly efficient and environmentally friendly, making it particularly suitable for use in industrial circulating cooling water systems.

The invention relates to the technical field of linnaeite flotation, in particular to a flotation separation reagent system for linnaeite. The system comprises an adjusting agent, a foaming agent, a cobalt collecting agent and an inhibitor for low-cobalt sulfide and aluminosilicate gangue minerals. The cobalt collecting agent comprises sodium ethylxanthate, tert-dodecanethiol and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, the inhibitor comprises sodium hydroxide, sodium thiosulfate and sodium thioglycolate, and the foaming agent comprises methyl carbitol. The invention further discloses application of the flotation separation reagent system in beneficiation enrichment of cobalt sulfide rough concentrate obtained in the flotation desulfurization process of linnaeite, especially ilmenite. According to the method, the defect that sulfur and cobalt resources in the vanadium titano-magnetite in the Panzhihua region cannot be effectively recycled in the prior art is overcome, and the effects of effectively improving the utilization rate of the sulfur and cobalt resources in the Panzhihua ore and effectively separating the cobalt concentrate from the sulfur concentrate are achieved.

The invention relates to a culture medium for separating and counting clostridium butyricum, and belongs to the field of microbial separation and counting. The culture medium comprises 15.0 g of casein tryptone, 3.0 g of beef extract powder, 1.0 g of yeast extract powder, 5.0 g of sodium chloride, 0.5 g of L-cysteine hydrochloride, 0.5 g of sodium thioglycolate, 10.0 g of xylose, 0.04 g of bromothymol blue, 15.0 g of agar powder, 900ml of purified water, 0.25 g of D-cycloserine, 0.012 g of kanamycin sulfate and 25 ml of yolk. Compared with the prior art, the culture medium has the beneficial effects that firstly, the culture medium provided by the invention can obviously distinguish clostridium butyricum from other bacteria through visual inspection by analyzing the specific physiologicalcharacteristics of clostridium butyricum and carrying out formula combination and adjustment in a targeted manner, so that the purposes of separating and counting clostridium butyricum are achieved; and secondly, the effect is remarkable, direct and effective, and the cost is low.