120results about "Alkali metal hydroxides" patented technology

An integrated energy system comprising a power plant including at least one nuclear reactor and electrical power generation system, the at least one nuclear reactor being configured to generate steam, and the electrical power generation system being configured to generate electricity, a desalination system configured to receive at least a portion of the electricity and steam to produce brine, an electrolysis process configured to process the brine into Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), a Sodium Formate (HCOONa) production process configured to receive the Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to produce Sodium Formate (HCOONa), a Hydrogen (H2) extraction reactor configured to receive the Sodium Formate (HCOONa) and produce Hydrogen (H2), and a fuel cell configured to receive the Hydrogen (H2).

The present disclosure relates to the field of the preparation of high purity sodium and the safe treatment of sodium calcium slag, and discloses a method and apparatus for sodium slag recovery by using gravity separation—controllable combustion—alkaline liquor leaching process for the preparation of high purity sodium and safe treatment of sodium calcium slag. The method comprises the following steps: (1) subjecting a liquid sodium slag to a gravity stratification to obtain pure metallic sodium and high calcium content sodium slag; (2) roasting the high calcium content sodium slag to obtain a roasting slag; and (3) leaching the roasting slag by using an alkaline liquor to obtain the sodium hydroxide solution and calcium hydroxide. The method and apparatus provided by the present disclosure have advantages including high efficiency separation of sodium and calcium, saving separation time, safe and controllable production process, and continuous production process, thereby providing a safe and efficient method for the preparation of high purity sodium and safe treatment of new sodium calcium slag generated by the method, allowing continuous production of high purity sodium and safe recycle of new sodium calcium slag.

The invention discloses a method for converting lithium hydroxide into lithium carbonate. The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing or taking a lithium hydroxide solution and a carbonate solution; s2, putting the lithium hydroxide solution and the carbonate solution into electrodialysis equipment, and carrying out electrodialysis treatment; and S3, after electrodialysis is finished, collecting a lithium carbonate solution, and sequentially carrying out lithium precipitation and solid-liquid separation on the lithium carbonate solution to obtain the battery-grade lithium carbonate. According to the method for converting lithium hydroxide into lithium carbonate disclosed by the invention, CO2 is replaced by carbonate, so that the generation of lithium bicarbonate is avoided, the lithium carbonate and the byproduct alkali liquor are directly obtained, the raw material source is wide, the preparation condition is mild, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the method has huge potential economic benefits.

The invention discloses a system for on-line conversion of a sodium source into heat energy and hydrogen, which is characterized in that a pipe orifice of a sodium injection pipe is arranged at the upper end of a reactor, a sodium reaction baffle is arranged below the pipe orifice, a sodium hydroxide solution channel is arranged on the sodium reaction baffle, or a sodium hydroxide solution channel is arranged between the sodium reaction baffle and the side wall of the reactor. The speed of the input water vapor is controlled, so that the concentration of the water vapor in the reactor is maintained in a relatively low range, and the highest temperature in the reactor is controlled to be less than 300 DEG C by adjusting the sodium injection one-way valve or / and adjusting the water vapor injection one-way valve or / and adjusting the heat exchange amount of the condenser, so that sodium combustion caused by over-high temperature is avoided; corrosion of high-temperature substances to equipment is effectively relieved; the arranged sodium reaction baffle can enable a sodium hydroxide solution coating layer with high density and low viscosity to be separated from sodium, so that the surface of the sodium is exposed, rapid oxidation of the sodium and low-concentration water vapor is realized, and relatively high productivity efficiency is maintained.

The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization major cycle process in cooperative treatment of industrial flue gas pollutants, which comprises the following steps: removing SO2 and NOx in flue gas by adopting an adsorption method, and desorbing SO2 and NOx by adopting a water solution method to generate sulfuric acid and nitric acid; sulfuric acid reacts with sodium chloride to produce hydrochloric acid; sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are combined into a composite acid solvent, the solvent dissolves aluminum oxide in the fly ash to be converted into polybasic acid aluminum, the polybasic acid aluminum is subjected to ammonification decomposition into aluminum hydroxide and composite acid ammonium, the composite acid ammonium reacts with calcium carbonate to generate NH3, CO2 and polybasic acid calcium, and the polybasic acid calcium reacts with sodium sulfate to generate nano calcium sulfate; the method comprises the following steps: reacting silicon dioxide with sodium hydroxide to generate sodium silicate, reacting sodium silicate with sodium bicarbonate to generate silicic acid and sodium carbonate, reacting sodium carbonate with calcium hydroxide to generate calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, and mixing multi-element metal oxide separated from aluminum and silicon extraction with silicon dioxide and aluminum hydroxide which are separated and carried to prepare a multi-element cation molecular sieve; and comprehensive utilization and large circulation of the flue gas pollutants are realized through the synergistic effect of the pollutants.

Separating the specific gravity gt of the solid-liquid mixture type underflow red mud discharged in aluminum oxide production from liquid; continuously grading and separating out ferric oxide, trace heavy metal minerals and rare earth from the 5 g / cm < 3 > material, and carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment; the separated materials with the specific gravity smaller than or equal to 5 g / cm < 3 > are atomized and dispersed into particles and liquid drops, the particles and the liquid drops are quickly freeze-dried to prepare fine particles, and the fine particles are divided into sodium aluminosilicate and silicon oxide mixed particles, calcium compound mixed particles and crystallized sodium hydroxide, sodium aluminate and ice crystal particles through multi-stage specific gravity classification in the environment with the temperature smaller than-5 DEG C; and sublimating and dehydrating the separated sodium aluminosilicate and silicon oxide mixed particles and calcium compound mixed particles to form powder materials, and melting sodium hydroxide, sodium aluminate and ice crystal particles at normal temperature to form a solution containing sodium aluminate and sodium hydroxide.

The invention discloses a method for sequestration of carbon by using strong brine wastewater of a steel plant and a used device, and belongs to the technical field of tempering co-production process production. The method comprises a sodium carbonate production process I and an ammonium chloride production process II which form a cycle; raw materials NH3, salt NaCl and gas carbon dioxide are continuously added into the circulating system, and meanwhile sodium carbonate and ammonium chloride products are continuously produced; the raw material carbon dioxide comes from steel mill blast furnace top gas, steel rolling heating furnace tail gas or lime kiln tail gas; the raw material salt NaCl comes from concentrated salt wastewater of a steel mill; the raw material NH3 is from a byproduct coke oven gas generated in the production process of a steel enterprise and a coking plant. According to the method, sodium carbonate is prepared by fully utilizing three wastes, the situation that soxhlet and Hou's alkali production is adopted in the traditional alkali production industry to damage natural ecology and generate a large amount of waste gas, waste water and waste residues is broken, and double protection of resource recycling and environment is realized.

An integrated energy system including a power plant is discussed herein. In some examples, the integrated energy system may include at least one nuclear reactor and electrical power generation system configured to generate steam and electricity, a water treatment plant configured to produce Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) from salt water, a Sodium Formate (HCOONa) production plant configured to receive the Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to produce Sodium Formate (HCOONa), a Thermal Decomposition reactor configured to receive the Sodium Formate (HCOONa) and configured to receive at least a first portion of the steam or at least a second portion of the electricity from the power plant to indirectly heat the Thermal Decomposition reactor to produce Hydrogen (H2), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) from the Sodium Formate (HCOONa), and a Methanol (CH3OH) reaction chamber configured to receive the Hydrogen (H2), the Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and the Carbon Monoxide (CO) to produce Methanol (CH3OH).

A process method for treating lignin purification wastewater comprises a pretreatment section, a reaction section and a tail gas treatment section, the pretreatment section comprises an adjusting hardness removal unit, a tubular microfiltration unit, a bipolar membrane electrodialysis unit and a sludge thickening, dewatering and drying unit; the reaction section sequentially comprises a first-stage anaerobic unit, a second-stage anaerobic unit, an ozone catalytic oxidation unit and a BAF unit; the tail gas treatment section comprises an alkali liquor absorption unit and a methane storage unit. The modified anion exchange membrane is used for electrodialysis, so that most organic matters in the wastewater are intercepted in the desalinized solution, and most salt is converted into sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. In the process method, recycling and zero emission of wastewater are realized, waste gas is stored in a tank and can be used as fuel, salt is converted into sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide products, and integral recycling of water, gas and solid is realized.

A method for producing soda ash from flue gases involves capturing and processing the gases to remove contaminants and produce a high-purity soda ash. The process involves passing flue gas through a carbon capture system, where nitrates and sulfates are removed from the gas. The gas is then scrubbed with a rich caustic, causing a chemical reaction that removes carbon dioxide. The resulting product is then separated into a purified Na2CO3 product, essentially pure soda ash.

This invention relates to the fields of high-purity sodium preparation and safe disposal of sodium-calcium slag, and discloses a method and apparatus for preparing high-purity sodium and safely disposing of sodium-calcium slag using a gravity separation-controlled combustion-alkali leaching process. The method includes the following steps: (1) gravity separation of liquid sodium slag to obtain pure sodium and high-calcium sodium slag; (2) calcination of the high-calcium sodium slag to obtain calcined slag; (3) leaching of the calcined slag with an alkaline solution to obtain sodium hydroxide solution and calcium hydroxide. The method and apparatus provided by this invention have advantages such as high efficiency in separating sodium and calcium, saving separation time, safe and controllable production process, and continuous production process. It provides a safe and efficient method for the preparation of high-purity sodium and safely disposes of the new sodium-calcium slag generated by this method, realizing the continuous preparation of high-purity sodium and the safe recycling of new sodium-calcium slag.

The disclosure provides a method for recycling waste cathode by soluble calcium salt. The method for recycling waste cathode by soluble calcium salt comprises the following steps: S1, screening waste cathode; S2, mixing soluble calcium salt with water to prepare first slurry; S3, mixing first powder and the first slurry, and performing flotation under the assistance of ultrasonic, separating upper flotation foam, and then filtering to obtain first filtrate and first filter residue; S4, performing acid leaching on the first filter residue, and filtering to obtain second filtrate and second filter residue, wherein the second filter residue is calcium fluoride; S5, evaporating the second filtrate to obtain aluminum salt; and S6, evaporating and drying the first filtrate to obtain an alkali mainly containing sodium hydroxide.

Provided is a method for concentrating a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution including: in a stepwise concentration process of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, including a concentration part in which a plurality of evaporators from a first evaporator to a nth evaporator are connected in series, adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the first evaporator and then performing evaporation to obtain a first sodium hydroxide concentrate, and recovering steam evaporated from the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution; and adding the first sodium hydroxide concentrate to an evaporator at a subsequent stage, and adding the steam recovered from the first evaporator to a mechanical vapor recompression device to perform compression, wherein the nth evaporator uses the compressed steam as a heat source.

This application relates to the field of organic synthesis technology, specifically disclosing a process for preparing tert-butyl vinyl ether. The raw materials include solid tert-butanol, acetylene, tetrahydrofuran solvent, and potassium hydroxide catalyst, supplemented with auxiliary materials such as type 3A molecular sieves and activated alumina adsorbents. The preparation method involves: after dehydration and purification of the raw materials, the materials are introduced into a reaction vessel; temperature and pressure are controlled, and the reaction endpoint is monitored using an infrared spectrometer; byproducts are quenched and acetylene is recovered; the process involves multi-stage condensation, water washing to remove impurities, distillation separation, and solvent purification and recycling, with simultaneous integration of waste heat recovery and continuous material feeding. The tert-butyl vinyl ether prepared by this process, as an important fine chemical intermediate, can be used in coatings, adhesives, and polymer material modification, possessing advantages such as high purity and good stability. The preparation method achieves efficient utilization of materials and energy through multi-stage synergistic linkage, combining the advantages of green environmental protection, continuous and stable operation, and high resource utilization.

The present invention provides a method (700) and apparatus for producing liquid sodium from sodium hydroxide other than by electrolysis. The method comprises reacting solid-phase sodium hydroxide in an anoxic environment with an amount of liquid sodium in excess of the stoichiometric amount thereof required to produce sodium oxide and hydrogen gas, capturing at least some of the hydrogen gas, phase-separating at least some of the sodium oxide from the excess amount of liquid sodium, thermally decomposing at least some of the sodium oxide under vacuum to produce sodium vapour and oxygen gas, condensing at least some of the sodium vapour to produce liquid sodium, and recycling some of the liquid sodium thus produced to the reaction with the solid-phase sodium hydroxide. Subject to real-world losses and inefficiencies, the amount of liquid sodium produced by condensing the sodium vapour is double the stoichiometric amount thereof required to react with the sodium hydroxide, so that half of it may be recycled back to this reaction, whilst recovering the same amount of sodium from the sodium hydroxide. This chemical cycle therefore analyses the sodium hydroxide into its constituent elements without consuming the liquid sodium with which the sodium hydroxide reacts and without using electrolysis. It therefore effectively provides a chemical alternative to the electrolytic production of liquid sodium via the Castner process, whilst also consuming less energy than the Castner process because of the latter's inherent inefficiency. The corresponding apparatus comprises a gas-tight reaction vessel for reacting the sodium hydroxide with the liquid sodium in an anoxic environment and capturing the hydrogen gas, a solid-liquid sodium phase separator for separating the sodium oxide from the liquid sodium, a vacuum chamber for thermally decomposing the sodium oxide into sodium vapour and oxygen, a sodium condenser for condensing the sodium vapour, and a liquid sodium return path for returning liquid sodium from the sodium condenser to the gas-tight reaction vessel. [Fig. 2]

Disclosed in the present invention is a system for online conversion of a sodium source into heat energy and hydrogen. A pipe orifice of a sodium injection pipe is arranged in the upper end of a reactor, a sodium reaction baffle is arranged below the pipe orifice, and a sodium hydroxide solution channel is arranged on the sodium reaction baffle, or a sodium hydroxide solution channel is arranged between the sodium reaction baffle and a side wall of the reactor. The speed of input water vapor is controlled, so as to maintain the concentration of the water vapor in the reactor within a relatively low range, and the highest temperature in the reactor is controlled to be less than 300ºC by adjusting a sodium injection one-way valve or / and adjusting a water vapor injection one-way valve or / and adjusting the heat exchange amount of a condenser, such that sodium combustion caused by an overly-high temperature is avoided, and corrosion to a device caused by high-temperature substances is effectively relieved. The arranged sodium reaction baffle can enable a sodium hydroxide solution coating layer having a high density and a low viscosity to be separated from sodium, such that the surface of sodium is exposed, thereby realizing rapid oxidation of sodium and low-concentration water vapor and maintaining a relatively high level of efficiency in terms of productivity.

The disclosure aims to provide a basic subcritical water composition and a water-containing composition each capable of decomposing, for example, polymers while preventing or reducing corrosion of the reaction device, and a device and a container therefor. The disclosure relates to a basic subcritical water composition having a pH of 13.7 or lower and a potential of 400 mV or higher at a current density exceeding 10 mA / cm2 in an anodic polarization curve obtained using a steel material as a working electrode.

Methods for immobilizing carbon dioxide and producing stabilized amorphous alkaline earth metal carbonates are provided.

The invention discloses a bipolar membrane electrodialysis-based carbonate brine treatment method and device, carbonate brine is added into a prepared low-concentration sodium metaaluminate solution through a chemical precipitation tank for precipitation reaction, suspended solids are removed through a filter, organic matters are removed through an activated carbon adsorption tower, and finally a refined solution is obtained through an ion exchange system; the refined liquid is introduced into a treatment device salt chamber, the voltage is controlled to be 1.5-2.5 V / membrane pair, and circular treatment is performed; deionized water is supplemented to the alkali chamber and the acid chamber respectively, high-purity NaOH is obtained in the alkali chamber, and high-purity carbon dioxide is obtained in the acid chamber. According to the present invention, the efficient separation treatment of the carbonate brine is achieved, the impurities can be effectively removed, the high-purity NaOH and the high-purity carbon dioxide are obtained, the treatment energy consumption is low, the cost is controllable, and the high-value resource utilization of the carbonate brine is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing alkali by using an ammonia-alkali method without generating ammonia distillation waste liquid, which comprises the following steps: preparing refined salt water from a solid material containing sodium salt, preparing sodium carbonate by using the ammonia-alkali method, crystallizing and separating ammonium chloride in alkali-making mother liquor, and reacting the obtained ammonium chloride crystal with quick lime or lime milk to regenerate and recover NH3. According to the invention, recycling of NH3 in the alkali production process is realized, generation of ammonia distillation waste liquid is avoided, a calcium chloride product is obtained, and the ammonium chloride crystallization mother liquor is returned to the refined brine production process for recycling, so that the utilization rate of sodium chloride in the alkali production process is greatly improved, and the production cost is reduced. Newly-added equipment needed for transformation of a traditional ammonia-alkali process alkali production line is few, the transformation cost is low, and the transformed alkali production process is clean, environmentally friendly, economical and efficient.

Disclosed herein are methods of capturing CO2 from a gas source using electrochemically-enhanced amine capture to form a concentrated CO2 vapor, followed by sequestering CO2 from the concentrated vapor in a sequestration step. The sequestration step includes contacting the concentrated vapor with an aqueous sequestration solution comprising ions capable of forming an insoluble carbonate salt, such that the aqueous sequestration solution comprises the CO2, electrochemically basifying the sequestration solution, thereby precipitating a carbonate solid, separating the carbonate solids from the aqueous sequestration solution or the surface of the mesh.

A method of digesting lignocellulosic material includes mixing lignocellulosic material comprising lignocellulosic biomass, a polymeric naphthalene sulfonate, sodium xylene sulfonate, and a white liquor comprising sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide to form a mixture. In addition, the method further includes heating the mixture to digest at least a portion of the lignocellulosic material.

The bubble cap layer adjustable chlorine drying tower for sodium hydroxide production comprises a tower body, one side of a tooth roller and one side of a tooth plate are installed in a meshed mode, one end of the tooth roller is fixedly connected with a rotating handle, a splicing inserting block is installed on the inner wall of a splicing inserting groove in an inserted mode, and fixing bolts are installed at the upper end and the lower end of the splicing inserting groove in an inserted mode. A bubble cap plate is fixedly connected to one side of the splicing inserting block, a bubble cap is installed at the upper end of the bubble cap plate, and a pulley is installed on one side of the bubble cap plate in a rolling mode. According to the chlorine drying tower with the adjustable bubble cap layer for sodium hydroxide production, the bubble cap plate can be quickly pulled, disassembled and assembled through the closed mounting block, the sealing ring, the sealing groove and the mounting insertion groove, replacement and cleaning are convenient, and the bubble cap plate can be independently disassembled and assembled with the closed mounting block through the splicing insertion block, the splicing insertion groove and the fixing bolt; and the bubble cap plate can rotate the tooth roller through the rotating handle, so that the tooth roller is in meshed connection with the tooth plate, the bubble cap plate is driven to be subjected to lifting adjustment on the tooth plate, and adjustment is more convenient.

A method for recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application whereby a used lithium-containing mixture is prepared, and the used lithium-containing mixture is treated with a hydrogen reduction to prepare a preliminary precursor mixture. The preliminary precursor mixture is washed with water to generate a lithium precursor including lithium hydroxide. Lithium hydroxide can be obtained by the washing treatment with high purity.

The present invention discloses a method for continuous treatment of TDI waste brine, which belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: adjusting the pH value of the TDI waste brine to acidic, then subjecting the acidic waste brine to a peroxidation adsorption column and simultaneously subjecting it to ultraviolet irradiation to perform photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption reaction; after the reaction is completed, adjusting the pH value of the acidic waste brine to alkaline, then passing the alkaline waste brine through a stripping tower to remove small molecule organic matter, and obtaining waste brine after continuous treatment. The continuous treatment method of the present invention can completely remove organic matter from the TDI waste brine, and the treated waste brine has a TOC of less than 10 ppm and a TN of less than 3 ppm, and can be used as a raw material for the chlor-alkali ion membrane preparation process of caustic soda, so that the sodium chloride and water in the waste brine are recycled, achieving zero discharge of the waste brine and solving the problem of environmental pollution. In addition, the treatment method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and cost-effective.

The invention discloses a lime slaking slag caustic alkali recovery-thermoelectric flue gas desulfurization method which comprises the following steps: S10, preparing lime milk for alumina production by using a lime slaking machine, conveying the produced lime slaking slag to a slag washing machine through a slag extracting machine and a lime slag belt for washing, and overflowing and recovering the produced caustic alkali liquid for preparing the lime milk; s20, the washed lime slaking slag is smashed, and lime slaking slag powder is obtained; s30, blending the lime slaked slag powder with fire coal according to a certain proportion to form a mixed coal material, and feeding the mixed coal material into a thermoelectric coal-fired boiler for blending combustion for primary flue gas desulfurization; and S40, performing high-temperature dust removal on the flue gas subjected to primary flue gas desulfurization, and performing secondary flue gas desulfurization by adopting a lime powder-gypsum wet method. According to the method, the lime slaking slag caustic alkali can be effectively recovered and reutilized in thermoelectric flue gas desulfurization, the consumption of the caustic alkali of an aluminum oxide production system is reduced, and the limestone powder flue gas desulfurization cost of a thermoelectric coal-fired boiler is reduced.

A process is provided for capturing and transporting carbon dioxide in a solid or liquid mixture. In this process, a liquid base is added to carbon dioxide to produce a carbonate, the carbonate is then stored or transported to a second facility where an acid is added to the carbonate to release carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide can then be used as needed. The liquid base or the acid may be mined, collected from an industrial waste stream (fly ash), or produced by a chemical or electrochemical process including electrolysis, electrodialysis, or salt splitting.

The invention provides a preparation method of photovoltaic potassium hydroxide, and relates to the technical field of potassium preparation. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out vacuum gradient crystallization on a KOH raw material to realize crude purification, carrying out centrifugal separation on wet crystals generated after crude purification, dissolving, carrying out three-stage counter-current extraction to obtain photovoltaic-grade KOH, extracting mother liquor generated after crude purification, and circularly carrying out vacuum gradient crystallization; dissolving the wet crystals in ultrapure water to prepare a KOH solution, filtering the KOH solution, enabling the KOH solution and an extracting agent to enter a three-stage counter-current extraction tower for three-stage counter-current extraction, carrying out nanofiltration and ultrafiltration on an output raffinate phase to obtain a photovoltaic-grade KOH product, and regenerating an output loaded organic phase to realize recycling; a microwave generating device is arranged on the three-stage counter-current extraction tower and is used for applying pulse microwaves to the mixing area in the tower. The sodium removal rate is increased, the solvent consumption is reduced, and the generation of hazardous wastes is reduced.