The invention relates to a battery, a capacitor diaphragm and a preparation method of the battery and the capacitor diaphragm. The diaphragm is prepared from, by weight, 65% to 75% of sulfite wood pulp, 10% to 20% of superabsorbent fibers (SAF), 5% to 30% of attapulgite mineral powder, 0.3% to 0.8% of chitosan, 3% of synthetic fibers and 1.2% to 1.7% of hydrogen storage material ZnO2. The preparation method of the battery and the capacitor diaphragm comprises the step that the finished product is prepared through the steps of plant fiber pulping, inorganic powder dispersing, superabsorbent fiber dispersing, mixed pulping, wet forming, extruding dehydration, heating dehydration, single-face coarsening, rolling and splitting and the like. The defects that in the existing process and technology, the aperture and porosity of a super capacitor diaphragm of a battery are hard to control, the electrolyte retention rate is low, proton passing resistance is large, the gluing process is hard to control, and single-face coarsening of the diaphragm cannot be achieved are overcome, and according to the battery, the capacitor diaphragm and the preparation method of the battery and the capacitor diaphragm, the liquid retention rate is high, gas permeability is good, the physical property is high, internal resistance is low, and the process and technology are more advanced.