The present invention belongs to the technical field of water ecological restoration, and specifically discloses a rapid method for constructing a river way water ecosystem, the method includes the following steps: 1, collecting of to-be-repaired river way water ecological information; 2, detailed analysis of pollution information, sewage interception reoxygenation and blackness and odor removal by microbial decomposition; 3, planting of emergent proper aquatic plants, submerged plants and the like according to water and hydrological information; 4, control of algae by aquatic animals; and 5, water ecosystem maintenance; wherein aquatic plants are usually harvested in November each year, and plant body residues are cleaned up in early spring. Through combination of an ECO-EGG plug-flow aerator and the constructed river way water ecosystem, physical, chemical and biological-ecological approaches are effectively combined for phased treatment, water quality is rapidly improved, water eutrophication is controlled, water self-purification capacity can be improved, the water ecological structure and function can be restored, water quality can be long term and effectively improved, meanwhile the effectiveness, long effectiveness, economical efficiency and ecological compatibility of polluted water treatment can be unified.