97results about How to "Avoid thermal shock" patented technology

The invention provides a liner and a liquid heating container. The liner comprises a body, a heat conduction plate and a heating part, wherein the body comprises a barrel body and a barrel bottom connected with the bottom of the barrel body; the heat conduction plate fits to the outer wall face of the barrel bottom, and the heat conduction coefficient of the heat conduction plate is greater than that of the barrel bottom; the heating part is ring-shaped and fits to the lower surface of the heat conduction plate, and the projection of the heating part is positioned in the heat conduction plate;the thickness of the heat conduction plate is greater than or equal to 2mm; and/or, a spacing between the outer periphery of the contact part of the heating part and the heat conduction plate and theouter periphery of the heat conduction plate is greater than or equal to 3mm. For the liner provided by the invention, by increasing the spacing between the outer periphery of the contact part of theheating part and the heat conduction plate and the outer periphery of the heat conduction plate, heat generated by the heating part becomes bidirectional heat conduction from unidirectional heat conduction, so that the local thermal power density is greatly reduced, and the noises caused by heating water are reduced; and/or, the heat conduction plate is thickened, so that the local thermal shockis prevented, heat is uniformly transmitted as far as possible, and further, the noises caused by heating water are reduced.

The invention discloses an air energy water heater, which comprises a main controller, a compressor and an external environment temperature sensor, wherein the compressor and the external environment temperature sensor are electrically connected with the main controller through leads. The defrosting method mainly comprises the following steps: in the normal heating process, continuously monitoring outdoor environment temperature through the external environment temperature sensor; if the outdoor environment temperature is lower than the defrosting starting temperature, accumulating the running time of the compressor; when the accumulated running time of the compressor reaches the defrosting starting time, starting a defrosting program; and finishing defrosting when the external environment temperature is higher than the defrosting finishing temperature or the defrosting time exceeds the maximum defrosting time, thereby determining whether the defrosting program needs to be started or not by comparing the defrosting starting temperature with the temperature transferred by the external environment temperature sensor to avoid cold shock and thermal shock of external environment to the sensor and ensure the normal use of a sensor chip, so that normal and real judgment of the system can be ensured to enable the defrosting effect to be better.

The invention discloses a formula of heating powder for a thermal battery. An eutectic salt accounting for 7-12% of the total weight is added into the heating powder for a thermal battery formed by mixing iron powder and potassium perchlorate. The weight ratio of iron powder to potassium perchlorate is 84:16, 83:17 or 82:18. The eutectic salt is the mixture of NaCl and Li2SO4, wherein the NaCl accounts for 38-45% of the weight of the eutectic salt, and the Li2SO4 accounts for 55-62%. The formula can prolong the service life of the thermal battery so as to prolong the working life of the thermal battery.

The invention relates to a packaging method of a silicon carbide power module. The packaging method comprises the following steps of: welding an aluminum nitride isolation layer on a molybdenum plate, placing a silicon carbide chip in a blank of the aluminum nitride isolation layer, and welding the silicon carbide chip with the molybdenum plate; welding a molybdenum block on the silicon carbide chip, and reserving a gate electrode lead slot on the molybdenum block; placing a lead in the gate electrode lead slot, arranging a compression ring on the lead, placing a spring used for crimping in the compression ring, and collecting and leading out the lead; and carrying out integral casting forming on the molybdenum plate, the silicon carbide isolation layer and the silicon carbide chip through using epoxy resin, installing a base, a tube shell and a tube cap, and packaging. The invention also discloses a silicon carbide power module. The invention ensures that the silicon carbide power module has higher reliability and stronger thermal cycle capacity under the working conditions of high power and high temperature.

The invention discloses an engine cooling system. The engine cooling system comprises an expansion kettle, a high-temperature circulation system and a low-temperature circulation system, wherein the high-temperature circulation system comprises a mechanical water pump, a thermostat, an engine oil cooler, a gearbox oil cooler and a cylinder body water jacket; a water outlet of the mechanical water pump is provided with a first branch, a second branch and a third branch, and the third branch communicates with a liquid inlet of the gearbox oil cooler; the thermostat comprises an inlet channel, a liquid outlet of the gearbox oil cooler communicates with the inlet channel, and a liquid outlet of the thermostat communicates with a water inlet of the mechanical water pump; and the low-temperature circulation system comprises an electronic water pump and a low-temperature radiator, a closed loop is formed by the electronic water pump and the low-temperature radiator, and an air inlet of the expansion kettle communicates with the closed loop through a first degassing pipeline. According to the engine cooling system, the low-temperature circulating system can be used for degassing under various working conditions, and meanwhile, precise control over the temperature of a high-temperature circulating loop is realized.

The invention relates to a one-piece tempering furnace, comprising a groove body, a material shelf, and a wind circulating system. The groove body comprises a thermoregulation area and a chemical tempering area, wherein the thermoregulation area is arranged above the chemical tempering area, the thermoregulation area and the chemical tempering area are thermally isolated from the outside world, and the temperatures of the thermoregulation area and the chemical tempering area can be adjusted independently; the material shelf can move vertically in a one-dimensional direction and traverse between the thermoregulation area and the chemical tempering area; and the wind circulating system is arranged above the thermoregulation area so that the groove body becomes an airtight space and the temperature of the thermoregulation area can be adjusted. The one-piece tempering furnace has the advantages of simple structure, lower cost and practicability, and the product is isolated from the outside air to guarantee the preheating effect without suffering cold and hot impact, therefore, the one-piece tempering furnace can be applied to the window glass lens of a common mobile phone and to the strengthening of glass with a big size.

The invention relates to a water leakage automatically protecting device of a solar water heater, which comprises a connecting pipe, a water cork, a free block, a pulley, a rope and a pore plate, wherein the connecting pipe comprises a circular bedplate, a big circular pipe and a small circular pipe; the big circular pipe and the small circular pipe are respectively sleeved with a big sealing ring and a small sealing ring; the big circular pipe is connected with a hot water storage tank through the big sealing ring in a socket joint and sealing way and is communicated with the hot water storage tank; the small circular pipe is connected with the inner pipe wall of a vacuum pipe through the small sealing ring in a socket joint and sealing way and is communicated with the vacuum pipe; one end of the water cork is fixed on the circular bedplate in the connecting pipe, the other end of the water cork is connected with one end of the rope, and the other end of the rope is connected with the free block through the pulley. When the vacuum pipe is broken to leak water, water in the vacuum pipe is directly communicated with air to lead the upper face and the lower face of the water cork to form the pressure difference, the water cork overcomes the pull force of the free block under the action of the water flow and the pressure difference and rapidly plugs on the circular bedplate so as to block the channel of the hot water storage tank and the broken vacuum pipe.

The invention relates to a large vacuum solar heat collecting system comprising a plurality of heat collecting units with vacuum heat insulating layers, each heat collecting unit comprises a shell and a heat absorber, wherein the shells are in a flat box shape and comprise light transmitting faces with higher light transmittance, the heat absorbers have higher heat absorption rates and lower heat radiation rates and are arranged in the shells, the shells of the heat collecting units are communicated with each other through vacuum connecting pipes, and the vacuum heat insulating layers of the heat collecting units are communicated with each other to form a closed large vacuum combination. The heat collecting system also comprises heat energy transmitting pipelines which are arranged in the vacuum connecting pipes and are connected with the heat absorber of each heat collecting unit. In addition, the heat collecting system is also provided with a vacuum supplying maintenance system which comprises a vacuum source, an auxiliary valve, the vacuum connecting pipes and the like and is communicated with the large vacuum combination.

The invention relates to a method for making electric conduction patterns on a metal-foil-clad insulating substrate. The method comprises the steps that insulating envelope grooves are machined in the periphery of a conducting layer which needs to be reserved, and machining is conducted twice or more when excessively narrow isolated wires are encountered; a conducting layer which needs to be removed is subdivided into a plurality of strip-shaped heat-insulating small blocks, wherein one end of each small block is narrowed, the other end of each small block is widened, and the narrowed end of one metal foil layer small block and the widened end of another metal foil layer small block adjacent to the metal foil layer small block are arranged in a corresponding mode; next, laser beams are projected onto the heat-insulating small blocks obtained after subdivision, so that the small blocks are separated from the substrate material and removed. According to the method for making the electric conduction patterns on the metal foil-clad insulating substrate, by means of adjusting the projection parameters, a projection path and the projection environment of a laser, the conducting layer on the substrate material is removed, a predetermined electric conduction structure is formed, corresponding technological processes adopted for manufacturing the electric conduction structure through a chemical method, a physical method and a laser method in the prior art are replaced, the laser is directly used for forming and making the electric conduction patterns, as a result, multiple devices and materials are omitted, environmental friendliness is achieved, the process is short, the technology is simple and easy to implement, and the method is suitable for manufacturing multiple types of circuit board samples with higher accuracy in a small-batch mode and general circuit boards.

The invention relates to equipment for production of float glass and provides a tin bath flow gate baking furnace. According to the tin bath flow gate baking furnace, a furnace body shell is of a furnace steel structure (3); a furnace lining (8) is arranged on a bottom substrate of the furnace steel structure (3); an inner wall body (2) and a furnace partition wall (10) are paved on the upper part of the furnace lining (8); the inner wall body (2) is arranged at two sides of two ends of the furnace lining (8); the furnace partition wall (10) is arranged between the two inner wall bodies (2); the outer side of the periphery of the inner wall bodies (2) and the top of the baking furnace are provided with outer wall bodies (1); and a gate baking inner cavity and a combustion chamber (14) which are vertically arranged are formed in a cavity between the furnace partition wall (10) and the inner wall bodies (2). The quick heat impact of open fire flame on the gate is avoided, and the phenomenon that the gate is contacted with the high-temperature molten glass and is blasted or has too long bubble removal time because the preheating temperature is extremely low or the temperature difference of the upper and lower parts is high is avoided.

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power station steam generator cooling, in particular to a nuclear power station steam generator cooling system, which is characterized in that a pressure reduction and temperature reduction pipeline is led out from an outlet end of a steam generator and is connected to an inlet of the steam generator, and a pressure reduction valve and a water spray temperature reduction device are arranged on the pressure reduction and temperature reduction pipeline; and an electric boiler, a steam superheater and a steam booster pump are arranged on the auxiliary steam pipeline. And when a single reactor is shut down emergently, main steam generated by the steam generator in normal operation is subjected to temperature and pressure reduction and is introduced into the steam generator corresponding to the emergency shut down for cooling. When the double reactors are shut down emergently, the auxiliary steam generated by the electric boiler is heated and boosted to be respectively introduced into the two steam generators for cooling, and the unit is restarted for grid-connected power generation until the steam generators are cooled to the feed water temperature, so that the cooling time of the steam generators can be greatly shortened, and the unit can perform grid-connected power generation again in a relatively short time; the operation efficiency of the nuclear power station is improved.

The invention relates the carbonizing electric stove heating controlling mean. The method adopts the zero-cross triggering gate circuit transistor technology and carbonizing electric stove heating controlling mean, and the relay switch signal is replaced by the gate circuit transistor impulse signal. The gate circuit transistor receives the 0-10V or 4-20mA signal from temperature controller, then the output and input signal from zero-cross impulsion triggers gate circuit transistor to change the gate circuit transistor conducting and cut-off time to control the furnace temperature. The invention has the advantages of good economy, simple structure and easy maintenance. The invention suits to the carburizing furnace heating controlling field.

The optical cable comprises an optical cable subunit, a PI film, fiber paste, an inner-layer steel pipe, a foaming layer, an outer-layer steel pipe and an outer sheath which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the optical cable subunit comprises a subunit sheath and a plurality of optical fibers, the PI film wraps the outer surface of the subunit sheath, the inner-layer steel pipe, the foaming layer and the outer-layer steel pipe, and the outer-layer steel pipe wraps the PI film. The thickness of the outer-layer steel pipe ranges from 0.9 mm to 1.0 mm, the thickness of the foaming layer ranges from 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, and the thickness of the inner-layer steel pipe ranges from 0.25 mm to 0.3 mm. Through the inner and outer double-layer steel pipes, the compression resistance of the optical cable is ensured, the tensile property of the optical cable is also ensured, the optical cable can cope with a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, the foaming layer provides buffering, thermal insulation and other effects for the optical cable, the survival ability of the optical cable is further improved, and the service life of the optical cable is prolonged. The optical cable has the characteristics of high voltage endurance capability, strong tensile capability, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like.

The invention relates to a heat storage defrosting system for a cold storage air cooler. The heat storage defrosting system comprises a refrigerating device, a heat storage device and a heat release device, wherein the refrigerating device comprises a compressor, a heat storage heat exchanger, a condenser, a throttling device and an evaporator which are sequentially arranged; the evaporator is connected into the compressor, and a refrigerating circulation loop is formed; the heat storage device comprises a heat storage tank, a heat storage pump, a heat storage heat exchanger and a heat storagevalve which are sequentially arranged; the heat storage valve is connected into the heat storage tank, and a heat storage circulation loop is formed; the heat release device comprises a heat storagetank, a heat release pump, a heat release heat exchanger and a heat release valve which are sequentially arranged; the heat release valve is connected into the heat storage tank, and a heat release circulation loop is formed; the refrigerating device and the heat storage device conduct heat exchange in the heat storage heat exchanger; and the refrigerating device and the heat release device conduct heat exchange through the evaporator and the heat release heat exchanger. The invention further relates to a cold storage. According to the heat storage defrosting system and the cold storage, energy consumption can be reduced, operation is more stable, temperature fluctuation in the cold storage is reduced, and the heat storage defrosting system and the cold storage belong to the technical field of refrigerating and quick freezing.

The invention discloses a method for regulating thermal expansion by stress regulation based on strain glass phase transformation, and the method comprises the following steps of: first, selecting any alloy material having martensite phase transformation capable of causing volume expansion as mother alloy; second, performing defect doping in the mother alloy and then utilizing an in situ transmission electron microscopy to perform structure comparison and analysis on a high-temperature parent phase and low-temperature strain glass state so that the volume of similar-martensite divisions in the strain glass state is larger than that of the corresponding parent phase before phase transformation; and at last, applying different external forces to the strain glass alloy, and regulating the thermal expansion action of the strain glass alloy during temperature-rise period and temperature-fall period by changing the quantity and size of the similar-martensite divisions in the alloy. The method disclosed by the invention not only can artificially precisely regulate the thermal expansion action of the material at right time according to the actual needs to avoid thermal stress and thermal vibration that may be generated on precise devices but also can fully utilize the characteristics of the raw materials, such as performances of inherent high conductivity, high thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength of the alloy.

The invention relates to a supercritical carbon dioxide boiler working medium temperature adjusting system. According to another technical scheme, a supercritical carbon dioxide boiler working mediumtemperature adjusting method is provided. The system and the method effectively solve the temperature adjustment problem of a supercritical carbon dioxide boiler working medium. A part of carbon dioxide working medium in a closed system is cooled and then directly in contact with a high-temperature carbon dioxide working medium for heat exchange, through maintaining reasonable temperature and flowof a low-temperature carbon dioxide working medium entering a temperature adjusting point of the supercritical carbon dioxide boiler, the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide boiler working medium is rapidly and flexibly adjusted, the overtemperature of a heating surface of the boiler is avoided, the operation safety of the system is obviously improved, and the service lives of the high-temperature heating surface, pipelines and turbine blades in the system are greatly prolonged.