75results about How to "Increase organic carbon content" patented technology

The invention discloses a charcoal-based microbial soil conditioner. The charcoal-based microbial soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 80-85 parts of charcoal, 10-13 parts of a composite microbial flora and 1-2 parts of an oxidized starch adhesive, and the composite microbial flora comprises photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces, lactic acid bacteria, microzyme, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the charcoal-based microbial soil conditioner. The combined effect of charcoal and microbes alleviates soil acidification, reduces the unit weight of soil and increases the permeability and the water content of soil; soil organic matter formation is promoted to improve the validity of mineral elements; and the abundance of microbes at the rhizosphere of crops is cultivated to improve the rhizospheric environment of plants in order to make pathogen microbes difficultly grow and breed, so the insect diseases of crops is reduced, and soil heavy metal pollution is alleviated and restored.

The invention relates to a treatment method of sludge generated by urban sewage treatment plant and industrial sludge and discloses a sludge treatment method based on hydrothermal carbonization. The sludge treatment method comprises four steps: sludge preheating treatment, hydrothermal carbonization, waste heat recovery and dehydration desiccation. By adopting the sludge treatment method, as the sludge is converted to hydrothermal carbon by adopting a hydrothermal carbonization technology, pathogenic microorganisms in the sludge are completely killed, most heavy metal pollutants in the sludge are dissolved out, and organic toxic substances in the sludge are effectively decomposed, so that the energy recovery utilization rate is high, and the sludge treatment method is clean, environment-friendly, rapid and effective and has high product additional values.

This invention discloses a method for synthesizing organic-inorganic bentonite composite. The method comprises: utilizing bentonite as the main material, performing inorganic modification through cation-exchange reaction by using hydroxyl aluminum aqueous solution, torrefying to obtain hydroxyl-containing aluminum-pillared bentonite with high porosity and high specific surface area, and reacting between the hydroxyls and silylation agent to graft silane groups onto aluminum-pillared bentonite and obtain organic-inorganic bentonite composite. The organic-inorganic bentonite composite has both the advantages of inorganic pillared bentonite such as high porosity and high specific surface area, and those of organic bentonite such as high organic carbon content and high hydrophobicity thus can be used to treat organic waste gases and wastewater with a good effect by surface adsorption as well as distribution.

The invention discloses an amphiprotic-Gemini type cationic composite adsorbent, and a preparation method thereof. The amphiprotic-Gemini type cationic composite adsorbent is an expansive clay mineral modified by an amphiprotic surfactant and a Gemini type cationic surfactant; the amphiprotic surfactant is alkyl dimethyl betaine, and alkyl carbon chain of alkyl dimethyl betaine possesses 10 to 18 carbon atoms; the Gemini type cationic surfactant is an alkyl quaternary ammonium gemini surfactant, and alkyl carbon chain of the alkyl quaternary ammonium gemini surfactant possesses 10 to 18 carbon atoms. Adsorption capacities of the amphiprotic-Gemini type cationic composite adsorbent obtained via modification on organic pollutants and heavy metal anions are improved, so that a problem that absorption capacity of amphiprotic organic modified soil on pollutants and heavy metal anions is poor is solved. The preparation method of the amphiprotic-Gemini type cationic composite adsorbent is simple, and operation is convenient.

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer for controlling soil salinization of coastal saline soil and killing underground insects and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention comprises, by weight, 300-500 parts of straw compost, 300-500 parts of humic acid and 100-200 parts of a saline-alkali modifier, wherein the straw compost is composed of tobacco straw, livestock and poultry night soil, high-efficiency composite microbial inoculants and urea; and the saline-alkali modifier is composed of gypsum and an attapulgite powder. The organic fertilizer can be used to raise the fertilizer conservation and water retention capability of soil, prolong fertilizer efficiency and supplement beneficial bacteria in soil. With the application of the organic fertilizer, the harm of underground insects in field can be obviously reduced, underground insects are effectively killed, chemical agent amount is reduced, work and cost are saved, and toxicity and side-effect residual quantity of chemical control is reduced. In addition, after the application of the organic fertilizer, the topsoil of coastal saline soil is loosened, unit weight is decreased and the organic carbon content is increased.

The invention relates to an agricultural waste recycling technology and a soil fertilizer technology, in particular to a blended facility vegetable field soil conditioner taking charcoal as a matrix and a preparation method thereof. The blended facility vegetable field soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60 to 80 percent of charcoal, 5 to 15 percent of medical stone powder, 5 to 15 percent of zeolite powder and 5 to 15 percent of lime nitrogen. The method for preparing the soil conditioner comprises the following steps of: mixing and stirring the medical stone powder which is sieved with a 60-mesh sieve, the zeolite powder which is sieved with a 60-mesh sieve and the granular lime nitrogen uniformly, mixing the mixture with the charcoal, and stirring uniformly to prepare the soil conditioner. The method is simple and pollution-free, the volume weight of soil can be reduced, the buffer performance of the soil can be improved, the utilization rate of fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus can be improved, and an effect of preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases is achieved.

The invention provides an inorganic-organic composite bentonite material, and a preparation method and an application of the inorganic-organic composite bentonite material. The inorganic-organic composite bentonite material is prepared through the following step: reacting Al-pillared bentonite with chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, the mass ratio of which is 1:0.1-0.5, at 50-90 DEG C for 3-8 h to prepare chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-Al-pillared bentonite. Through inorganic modification, the specific surface area, pore volume, and stability of bentonite are increased, and further through organic modification, the bentonite is provided with a relatively high organic carbon content, and the ability of adsorbing organic matters of the bentonite is increased. The inorganic-organic composite bentonite material provided in the invention can be used for water treatment, has characteristics of high efficiency and safety, and is a novel environment-friendly bentonite material free of secondary pollution.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and concretely discloses a saline-alkaline land soil conditioner, and a preparation method and an application thereof. Raw materials of the conditioner comprise 400-600 parts of a biomass decomposed material, 150-242 parts of a pyroligneous liquor, 200-300 parts of charcoal powder, 4-10 parts of urea and 2-10 parts of a microbial agent. All the components are synergistically combined, so the conditioner contains abundant organic matters, provides favorable conditions for crop growth, can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and slowly release nutrients, improves the fertilizer utilization rate and the water holding capacity of the soil, effectively reduces the pH value of the soil and the salt content ina soil solution, delays accumulation of salt in the surface soil, and has a good improvement effect on saline-alkaline land soil.

The invention discloses a multielement modified bentonite adsorption material and belongs to the technical field of composite materials and water treatment. Sodium bentonite as a main material is modified by a multielement composite modifier containing an organic long carbon chain cationic surfactant, inorganic polyhydroxyl-based metal cations and a functional short carbon chain organic complexing agent by a copolymerization method to form the organic-inorganic multielement composite bentonite adsorption material. The organic-inorganic multielement composite bentonite adsorption material has porous and large specific surface area characteristics of inorganic pillared bentonite and high carbon content and strong hydrophobicity characteristics of organic bentonite and has strong metal ion complexation and adsorption functions of bentonite and thus organic matters can be adsorbed by surface adsorption and distribution and heavy metal ions in water can be removed by complexation. The organic-inorganic multielement composite bentonite adsorption material can be popularized and used in the waste water treatment field.

The invention discloses a cadmium-contaminated farmland soil remediation method based on magnetic biochar. The method mainly comprises the following steps: irrigating soil, adding biochar accounting for 0.5-5% of the mass of the soil, performing sufficient stirring until uniformity to make the magnetic biochar and the soil form a muddy water mixture, standing the mixture, adding water, performingstirring to make the magnetic biochar float out of the water surface, and recovering the magnetic biochar enriched with free Cd and soil clay particles so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the total Cd of the soil. The free Cd and clay particles with a small particle size (smaller than or equal to 2 [mu]m) and a high Cd concentration are enriched by means of the magnetism, floatability and other properties of the magnetic biochar, so the Cd content of the soil is reduced; and the application of the magnetic biochar also has an improvement effect on soil. The magnetic biochar prepared in the invention has floating capacity, and can be magnetically recycled, and the remediation method has the advantages of simple flow, high operability, greenness and environmental friendliness, and is anenvironmentally-friendly remediation technology.

The invention relates to a compound repair agent for heavy metal polluted soil which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percent by weight: 40-55% of charcoal, 15-35% of bone powder and 15-35% of coal ash. By taking agricultural or industrial solid wastes which are wide in source and easy to obtain as a raw material, the compound repair agent is simple in process, sufficient in raw material, low in cost and obvious in application effect, reduces the heavy metal mobility and bioavailability of soil, and can solve the problem of sustainable utilization of heavymetal pollution in farmlands and fields of industrial and mineral industry. The application method is simple, the using process is labor-saving, the physical and chemical properties of soil can be also improved effectively, the fertilizer retaining and water retaining ability of soil is improved, and the compound repair agent is easy to popularize and apply.

The invention provides an application of Jerusalem artichokes on improving a saline and alkaline land. The Jerusalem artichoke is the south Jerusalem artichoke No.1 and the steps for improving are as follows: planting the Jerusalem artichokes on the saline and alkaline soil with the salt content of 0.5-0.8 wt%; sowing seeds in the first year: flattening the land; applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; after the Jerusalem artichokes grow ripe, wholly returning roots, stems and leaves of the Jerusalem artichokes back to the field; farming the saline and alkaline land in the second year: after the Jerusalem artichoke germinates and grows until the length is 15-25 cm, thinning; controlling an acre number to 4800-5200 plants and applying 30-35 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer into each acre, wherein the others are the same as the farming of the first time; farming the land in the third year: repeating the farming method of the second year to finish the improvement of the soil. The south Jerusalem artichoke No.1 provided by the invention has the advantages of strong adaptability and wide distribution area, and can be applied in the saline and alkaline land soil of northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Gansu, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and the like to improve the local saline and alkaline lands.

The invention discloses a preparation method for organic nano-silicon oxide adsorption material, which consists of the following steps: 1) a cation surface active agent is dissolved into water to prepare surface active agent solution, then the nano-silicon oxide is poured into the surface active agent solution; the surface active agent solution comprises the cation surface active agent, wherein, the mass percent of the cation surface active agent is 1-20 percent, the mass ratio between the nano-silicon oxide and the surface active agent solution is 1:5-1:100; 2) the mixing solution is stirred at a constant temperature of 20-80 DEG C for 2-24 hours and then is filtrated and washed by distilled water twice; 3) filtrated solid is dried at the temperature of 50-90 DEG C and is activated at the temperature of 105 DEG C for 30 minutes to 5 hours; 4) dried active product is grinded and passes 100 mesh sieve to prepare organic modification nano-silicon oxide adsorption material. The organic modification nano-silicon oxide adsorption material prepared by the invention increases hydrophobic nature, the content of organic carbon and settlement property in water, greatly improves the adsorption ability of organic contamination in water and can be popularized and used in organic wastewater treatment and waste landfill anti-seepage additive materials, etc.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a stable carbon source organic fertilizer. The stable carbon source organic fertilizer is prepared by utilizing charcoal and / or brown coal as a stable carbon source, and mixing the stable carbon source with the mixed composted material of cow dung and mushroom residue and seaweed residue, wherein the cow dung, the mushroom residue and the seaweed residue are fermented in a volume ratio of 2 to 1 to (0-0.05) to form a basic material, and the charcoal and / or the brown coal which are equal to 5%-10% of mass of the basic material are added. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the basic material: grinding the cow dung, the mushroom residue and the seaweed residue, and uniformly mixing, so as to obtain the basic material; (2) blending and uniformly mixing: adding a composting agent and water into the basic material, blending, and uniformly mixing to obtain a compound fermenting material; and (3) fermenting: stacking the fermenting material, carrying out high temperature composting, and adding the charcoal and / or the brown coal as the carbon source, so as to obtain the stable carbon source organic fertilizer after the fermentation. By virtue of the preparation method, the total content of organic carbon is increased; meanwhile, by adding the seaweed residue rich in soluble carbon, organic carbon can be easily absorbed by crops; and the stable carbon source organic fertilizer with strong practicability and high quality can be obtained.

The invention provides a stabilization repairing agent for soil pollution, wherein the agent includes components such as quicklime, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate rock powder and demineralized and modified humic acid, and is prepared from, by mass, combination of the components. After the stabilization repairing agent is applied to soil contaminated by lead and cadmium and is subjectedto stabilized treatment and maintenance for one week, the concentration of lead and cadmium in a leach liquor of the soil can meet standards of groundwater quality class IV. The mixed component in thestabilization repairing agent of the invention fully exerts a synergistic effect, the effective state of heavy metals in the soil can be reduced by the action of precipitation, adsorption, improvement, pH adjustment, and the like, and the prepared soil repairing agent has good effects in repairing lead and cadmium contaminated soil. The stabilization repairing agent for the soil pollution has theadvantages of simple preparation method, feasibility and good treatment effect.

The invention discloses a method for preparing organic modified clay by using a gemini quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and expansive clay. The organic modified clay is used for removing organic pollutants from wastewater. The preparation method concretely comprises the following steps: mixing the expansive clay obtained after drying, crushing and sieving with a 20-100 mesh sieve with a gemini quaternary ammonium salt surfactant solution according to a solid / liquid ratio of 1:100-1:300, stirring at 60-80DEG C for 18-48h, centrifuging to obtain a product, drying the product at 80DEG C, grinding, and sieving by a 100 mesh sieve to prepare organic modified montmorillonite. Compared with traditional surfactant modified organic clay, the gemini quaternary ammonium salt surfactant organic modified clay has the advantages of high adsorption efficiency of the organic pollutants and substantially enhanced adsorption ability, and can be used in treatment of the organic pollutants in wastewater, or in refuse dump, oil depots, underground water areas and other occasions as a cutoff wall addition material.

The invention discloses a method for improving available phosphorus content in moisture soil. The method comprises two steps of preparing a phosphate solubilizing bacteria-charcoal composition and improving moisture soil. The method provided by the invention can obviously improve available phosphorus content in moisture soil, has long-lasting acting effect and is rich in raw material source, low in cost and environmental-friendly.

The invention provides a soil remediation fertilizer prepared from kitchen waste as well as a preparation method and an application of the soil remediation fertilizer. The soil remediation fertilizeris prepared from kitchen waste subjected to anaerobic heat treatment, a complex microbial inoculant and a synergistic component. The soil remediation fertilizer prepared from the kitchen waste can reduce resource waste and effectively improve the problems of grease, germs and worm eggs of the kitchen waste, so that the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil are effectively improved,soil nutrients are maintained, and the utilization rate of the soil nutrients is increased.

The invention provides an organic-inorganic composite bentonite material and a preparation method and application thereof; the preparation method refers to: modifying bentonite via octapolytetramethylammonium polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and a surfactant in an aqueous system. Compared with existing methods of modifying bentonite via POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) materials, the method provided herein has simple process and low energy consumption and reagent costs, is environmentally friendly, and is suitable for large-scale production; therefore, the method has a promising practical application prospect. By using the method provided herein, bentonite is compositely modified via the POSS material and the surfactant, and high content of organic carbon in organic bentonite is imparted at the premise of maintaining high thermostability of inorganic pillared bentonite. Therefore, the prepared bentonite has good interlamellar spacing and stability, and has good applicability and universality especially to cationic dye wastewater.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a green functional clay repair material for combined pollution, belongs to the field of preparation of environmental protection materials, and can solvethe problems of environmental risk, high cost and incapability of guaranteeing adsorption performance caused by the fact that an existing surfactant is used for clay modification. According to the invention, ampholytic surfactant soybean lecithin and nonionic surfactant biochemical fulvic acid are selected as modifiers to modify the clay, so that the replacement of the traditional chemical synthetic surfactant is realized, and the compounding modification of the ampholytic surfactant soybean lecithin and the nonionic surfactant biochemical fulvic acid also improves the organic component content of the clay; and on the premise of keeping the adsorption performance of the amphoteric modifier to heavy metals, the modification of biochemical fulvic acid enhances the adsorption performance toorganic pollutants and heavy metals.

The invention belongs to the technical field of polluted soil renewal and relates to a method for thermal desorption treatment of organic polluted soil. The method includes steps: subjecting thermal desorption exhaust gas at a temperature of 120-700 DEG C and the organic polluted soil to countercurrent contact reaction for 5-30min to obtain organic-pollutant-containing desorption exhaust gas and thermal desorption soil; drying biomass until the moisture content is smaller than or equal to 12%, and crushing to a length smaller than or equal to 20cm to obtain biomass sections; well mixing the thermal desorption soil with the biomass sections to obtain a mixture A, subjecting biomass in the mixture A to low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization reaction at a temperature of 250-450 DEG C, and heating the soil to obtain organic-carbon-containing remediated soil and pyrolysis gas of low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization. The soil subjected to thermal desorption and the biomass are mixed forpyrolysis carbonization, the organic content is substantially increased, soil functions are recovered, and the problem of soil function loss caused by burning damages of organic matters in conventional thermal desorption soil remediation is avoided.

The invention provides an oxygen-free steam carbonization method for cotton straws. The method comprises the following steps: cutting the cotton straws into section materials, immersing the cotton straw section materials in an NH4Cl solution, taking out the immersed cotton straw section materials, draining off the section materials, putting the drained-off cotton straw section materials into a container, carrying out steam heating for carbonization, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying, thus obtaining biomass charcoal. The biomass charcoal obtained through the method is large in specific surface area, good in pore structure and high in organic carbon content, and has a good improvement effect when used for soil improvement.

The invention discloses a method for producing an organic carbon fertilizer through photocatalytic and oxidized organic wastewater and relates to an organic wastewater treatment and waste utilization method. The method includes the following steps that 1, a photocatalytic and oxidized reaction container is prepared; 2, organic wastewater obtained after coarse filtration is pumped into the photocatalytic and oxidized reaction container; 3, photocatalysts and hydrogen peroxide are added, wherein the photocatalysts including TiO<2> / SiO<2> and Fe<3>O<4> are added, the hydrogen peroxide is pumped in, a stirrer is started to mix the photocatalysts and the hydrogen peroxide to be uniform, and the operation process is required to be kept out of the sun; 4, a photocatalysis-oxidative degradation reaction is conducted, wherein a top cover is opened so that sunlight can be directly emitted into the reaction container or an ultraviolet lamp is turned on for illumination; 5, the catalyst is recycled, evaporated, concentrated and made into a liquid organic carbon fertilizer with the carbon content being 50-500 g / L. The organic carbon fertilizer produced through the method can be used for crop irrigation and spraying and can further serve as fertilizer mother liquor to be blended into various types of fertilizers for being applied.

The invention discloses a farmland soil treatment method capable of reducing content of cadmium in rice. The method comprises the following operation steps of: 1) pre-treating a silkworm droppings organic fertilizer and silkworm droppings carbon; 2) uniformly applying the pretreated silkworm droppings organic fertilizer and the pretreated silkworm droppings carbon into a paddy field during harrowing, wherein application amount of the silkworm droppings organic fertilizer is 200-400 kg / mu, and application amount of the silkworm droppings carbon is 100-200 kg / mu; 3) repeatedly turning over the silkworm droppings organic fertilizer and the silkworm droppings carbon through a farm cultivator to sufficiently mix with soil, and transplanting rice seedlings; and 4) adopting paddy soil, wherein cadmium contamination degree is mild contamination and middle-level contamination. According to the method disclosed by the invention, adopted raw materials are wide in source, preparation is simple, and the cost is low. Content of organic substances and other nutrient elements can be improved by applying the silkworm droppings organic fertilizer and the silkworm droppings carbon; the pH value of the soil is regulated; and content of cadmium in rice is lower than a limit value (0.2 mg / kg) of Hygienic Standards for Grains.

A method for preparing organic hydrotalcite includes the steps of firstly, filtering washing wastewater to remove solid impurities so as to obtain washing wastewater without solid impurities; and secondly, adding hydrotalcite into the washing wastewater, mixing, performing precipitation separation, drying, and grinding to obtain anionic surfactant modified hydrotalcite. Due to the fact that surfactant used during washing is most anionic surfactant, the anionic surfactant in the washing wastewater is used as modifier to synthesize the organic hydrotalcite, the organic hydrotalcite is prepared while the anionic surfactant in the washing wastewater can be absorbed effectively, and waste recycling is achieved. The prepared organic hydrotalcite is low in price, wastewater treating effect is evident, wastes are treated with wastes, and high economical and practical values are achieved.

The invention discloses a method for improving the biogas generation property of anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure by adding charcoal. The method comprises steps of adding rice hull charcoal into chicken manure and implementing anaerobic fermentation to make biogas. The rice hull charcoal is prepared through rapid thermal cracking of rice hull in a biomass waste production liquid fuel device, the rice hull charcoal is adopted as an external additive to promote the chicken manure anaerobic fermentation biogas generation process, the problem of ammonia inhibition in chicken manure anaerobic fermentation biogas generation engineering can be solved, and the fermentation stability can be improved. By adopting the method, efficient and stable biogas production with chicken manure can be achieved, the fermentation cycle is short, the fermentation gas yield is large, the methane content is high, the operation is stable, the problem that a system is easy to break down in the chicken manure anaerobic fermentation process can be solved, meanwhile, fermentation residues rich in charcoal can be obtained, and agricultural production and soil improvement can be facilitated when the fermentation residues are used as organic fermentations. By adopting the method, theoretical foundations and data support are provided for energy and resource utilization of chicken manure and effective utilization of biogas slurry and biogas residues.

The invention discloses humic acid containing microbial ecological fertilizer as well as preparation and application methods thereof. The preparation method of the humic acid containing microbial ecological fertilizer comprises following steps: an organic matter substrate is prepared and adopts humic acid particles; strains are selected and form powder through preparation; an organic coating agent is prepared: caramel pigment and water in a mass ratio being 1: (3-10) are uniformly mixed under the condition of 30-60 DEG C, and the organic coating agent is prepared; (4), 500-1,000 parts by weight of the organic matter substrate adopting the humic acid particles is uniformly coated with 1-10 parts by weight of the organic coating agent, then 2-15 parts by weight of the powder is uniformly stuck on the organic coating agent, and the humic acid containing microbial ecological fertilizer is obtained. The preparation method of the humic acid containing microbial ecological fertilizer has the advantages that microorganism death is effectively prevented and the guarantee period of the fertilizer is prolonged.

The invention provides a nonionic surfactant modified montmorillonite and a preparation method thereof. The method adopts montmorillonite as a raw material and a nonionic surfactant as a modifier, siloxane (Si-O) of the surface of montmorillonite is used as a reaction site, and through a hydrogen bonding way, the nonionic surfactant is inserted into the interlayer of montmorillonite to obtain the nonion surfactant modified montmorillonite. The hydration process of montmorillonite and the intercalation process of the modifier are assisted with an ultrasonic dispersion technology, so as to realize the intercalation modification of montmorillonite by the nonionic surfactant. The prepared nonionic surfactant modified montmorillonite not only retains the cation exchangeable property of natural montmorillonite but also has relatively high organic carbon content and internal interlayer spacing, and has great potential application value in the field of wastewater deep treatment.

The invention relates to the fields of oil-water separation and sewage processing, and specifically relates to a self-suction oil-water separating device having the advantages of high efficiency and low cost. The device comprises a liquid storage tank, a pipeline, a filtrate collection tank, a bushing type connector, a valve, a tapered tunnel, and a separation diaphragm. By utilizing a siphon acting force generated by difference between a high liquid level and a low liquid level, oil-water emulsion is automatically sucked to a separation membrane, the separation membrane, which has a special wetting performance, is used to demulsify the emulsion so as to separate the water phase and the oil phase. The problem that in the prior art, an oil-water emulsion (oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion) separation system has the shortages of high operation cost, bad continuity, low separation amount, and low efficiency is solved. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high separation efficiency, large separation amount, and good controllability, and can be widely used in the fields of oil-water separation and sewage processing.