536results about How to "Reduce environmental risks" patented technology

The present invention is directed to completion fluid compositions and methods of making same. Such completion fluids are unique in that they utilize nanoparticles as weighting (densification) agents that increase the specific gravity (or density) of the fluid into which they are dispersed. Depending on their properties, such nanoparticulate weighting agents can vastly broaden the types of base fluid used in the completion fluid, permitting the use of non-aqueous and even hydrocarbon base fluids. Additionally, such nanoparticle-densified completion fluids can provide reduced environmental risks, and the nanoparticle weighting agents used therein can be more easily recovered from the based fluids into which they are dispersed.

The invention provides a safe and reliable compound conditioner for reducing the heavy-metal mobility and bioavailability of soil or sludge compost and a preparation method thereof. The compound conditioner is a powdery compound prepared by adding heavy-metal auxiliary passivating agent to alkaline agent, wherein, the heavy-metal auxiliary passivating agent includes precipitating agent and absorbing agent; and the compound conditioner comprises the following components by the mixing proportion (weight percentage): 78% to 91% of alkaline agent, 5% to 13% of precipitating agent and 4% to 9% of absorbing agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) drying and pulverizing one, two or more than two substances among soda-manufacturing waste residue, lime and fly ash and sieving by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain an alkaline powdery substance as the alkaline agent; (2) mixing the alkaline agent, the precipitating agent and the absorbing agent by the above mixing proportion; and (3) drying and pulverizing the mixed products and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the powdery compound conditioner. The invention can greatly reduce the environmental risk caused by the prior art and realize the sustainable development of green circular economy, industry and agriculture by recycling the industrial waste at the same time.

The invention discloses a method for removing heavy metal ions in sewage by nanometer hydroxylapatite, belonging to the technical field of heavy metal sewage treatment. The method comprises the following steps: adding nanometer grade hydroxylapatite powder in waste water containing heavy metal ions, wherein, the dosage of the hydroxylapatite powder is 6-8g/L; balancing the mixture for 12-48 hours at a temperature of 23-27 DEG C; and standing the mixture to remove the heavy metal ions in the waste water. The method uses the hydroxylapatite with relatively lower economic value to treat the heavy metal sewage, has high treatment efficiency, low treatment cost, strong field operability and small environment risk, and has heavy metal ion removal rate over 90 percent under conditions that concentration of Cd, Pb or Cu ions does not exceed 60mg/L.

The invention discloses a heavy metal-contaminated soil solidifying agent and an application method thereof. The solidifying agent comprises the following components by mass: on the basis of the dry weight of heavy metal-contaminated soil, 10 to 15% of a binding material, 5% of biochar, 10% of vegetable fiber and 1% of a stabilizing agent. The components are added according a sequence of the stabilizing agent-the biochar-the vegetable fiber-the binding material. Addition of the chemical stabilizing agent and the biochar in the process of stabilization enables heavy metals to be absorbed and passivated and to lose mobility; preparation of heavy metal-contaminated soil slurry provides conditions for a later chemical reaction; the whole processing process is free of dust pollution and discharging of unwanted sewage. Addition of the vegetable fiber enables cracking of heavy metal-contaminated soil solidified by using a conventional solidifying agent to be effectively prevented and endurance of a solidified body to be improved. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of strong operability, low cost, extensive applicability, a high resource utilization rate, low environmental risk and easy large-scale popularization.

The invention discloses a denitration spraying ammonia automation control method which is applied to a coal-fired boiler SCR system. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a total air volume of a boiler and an entrance nitric oxide content of the system, and multiplying the total air volume of the boiler by the entrance nitric oxide content of the system so as to obtain a total nitric oxide content in a flue gas; according to the nitric oxide content, using a predetermined basic spraying ammonia amount feedforward function to obtain a basic spraying ammonia amount; according to an entrance nitric oxide content set value of the system, acquiring a correction coefficient of the predetermined basic spraying ammonia amount, multiplying the correction coefficient by the basic spraying ammonia amount so as to obtain a target spraying ammonia amount, and taking the target spraying ammonia amount as a denitration spraying ammonia amount. By using the method, a theoretical spraying ammonia amount can match an actual-needed spraying ammonia amount; a probability of excess emission of nitric oxide and an environmental protection risk brought by the excess emission can be reduced; and negative effects and economic losses brought by excessive spraying ammonia are decreased.

An automated soil sampler is removably mounted on an agricultural tractor and collects soil samples in a farm field while the tractor is driven through the field. At a periodic interval, the soil sampler momentarily lowers a soil collection knife into the soil to collect a soil sample, raises the collection knife out of the soil, and transfers the collected soil sample into a bar-coded storage container. The GPS location of the soil sample is associated with the storage container's bar-code in a data file. The interval between successive periodic soil samples corresponds to a determined forward displacement of the tractor. Storage containers that have received soil samples are moved to a storage area until all of the soil samples for a given field have been collected.

The invention belongs to the technical field of in-situ repair of heavy metal contaminated soil. Municipal sludge is used for preparing sludge-based charcoal through thermophilic thermolysis. The charcoal can be used as a repairing agent for the heavy metal contaminated soil. The sludge charcoal repairing agent comprises thickened sludge and palygorskite. A final black product namely the sludge-based charcoal is produced through the steps of performing biological and physical anhydration on sludge, then mixing the sludge after the biological and physical anhydration with the palygorskite, performing feeding into an atmosphere furnace, and then performing thermophilic thermolysis. The sludge charcoal is produced from the following components of 5-10% of the palygorskite and the balance of thethickened sludge. According to the sludge charcoal disclosed by the invention, the municipal sludge is subjected to decrement and harmless treatment, so that the municipal sludge can enter cycle of material and energy in natural environment again, and the difficult problem of treating and disposing the sludge is solved. The sludge charcoal is added to the heavy metal contaminated soil, so that heavy metal contaminated substances can be effectively solidified, the purposes of being durable and stable in repairing effect and being free from secondary pollution are realized, and the sludge charcoal is an ideal soil heavy metal contamination repairing agent with low cost.

The invention discloses a nutrient regulation and control agent for reducing the lead and cadmium content of leaf vegetables, which comprises the following substances in percentage by weight: 18%-24% of sodium silicate, 16%-20% of calcium carbonate, 9%-12% of magnesium sulfate, 22%-30% of urea, 9%-11% of diammonium phosphate and 16%-21% of potassium sulfate. The using method of the nutrient regulation and control agent comprises the following steps: before planting the vegetable, uniformly mixing the sodium silicate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture; base-applying all of the mixture, 20-60 kg per mu; turning over and harrowing uniformly so that the regulation and control agent and the polluted soil are uniformly mixed and seeding or transplanting can be performed; or base-applying half of the mixture, and uniformly dispersing the other half of the mixture into the soil after final singling of seedlings; and loosening the soil and sprinkling water. The regulation and control agent of the embodiment of the invention reduces the bioactivity of heavy metals in the soil, reduces absorption of the heavy metals of the leaf vegetable and improves the soil fertility.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioners and particularly relates to a soil heavy metal biological fixing agent and an application method thereof. The formula of the soil heavy metal biological fixing agent is that every one kilogram of an organic fertilizer is added with 2-10 g (109 CFU/g) of B. natto solid leavening agent, 2-10 g (109 CFU/g) of B.mucilaginosus solid leavening agent, 2-6 g (109 CFU/g) of B.megaterium solid leavening agent and 4-10 g (1010 CFU/g) of Trichoderma koningii solid leavening agent, wherein the main ingredients of the biological organic fertilizer contain more than 40% of organic matter, more than 20 million/g of effective viable count, and more than 5% of total nutrient. The soil heavy metal biological fixing agent is low in cost, has few environmental risks, remarkably reduces the absorption of the heavy metals of the crops, improves the soil fertility, effectively prevents and cures the soil-borne diseases and increases the economic benefit of the crops.

The invention relates to a method for recycling arsenic-containing waste residues, which comprises the two steps of the alkaline leaching of the arsenic-containing waste residues and acid-washing separation of extract. The method comprises the following specific steps of: mixing the arsenic-containing waste residues, an inorganic strong alkaline solid and an alkaline leaching medium according to a certain ratio, reacting for 10 to 180 minutes by mechanically stirring and then filtering, and performing safe landfill in the subsequent process, wherein compared with the quality of non-processed residues, the quality of filter residues is reduced by 80 to 98 percent; adding filter liquor into concentrated acid for acid washing at the temperature of between 10 and 25 DEG C for 1 to 2 hours, wherein the added amount of an acid-washing medium is 5 to 10 volume percent of the alkaline leaching solution; filtering the mixture, and after washing filter residues with 0.02 to 1 percent dilute acid, drying to obtain As2O3 powder (the purity is over 95 percent); and returning acid-washing filter liquor and dilute acid washing liquor to the alkaline leaching step. The method has the advantages of simple process, convenience of operation, low cost, small secondary pollution and the like, and at the present, arsenic-containing waste residues pour in the environment, the method has the obvious economic, social and environmental benefits.

The invention discloses a path station location optimizing method based on a sensitive area of a power transmission and transformation engineering environment. The method comprises the following steps: generating a basic point in a GIS (geological information system) according to an environment sensitive area target on the basis of geological information; determining the shape of a generated buffer area according to the basic point, carrying out linear judgment and break point concavity or convexity judgment by using a vector algorithm, embedding arcs, generating the buffer area, and dividing a self-intersection boundary of a boundary of the buffer area; carrying out polygon clipping on the generated buffer area, dividing a reason of space data again, carrying out spatial overlapping on different data models in the area, and determining an environment sensitive area according to an overlapping result; comparing a set path or station location rule with the determined environment sensitive area in an overlapping manner; if the path or station location rule and the environment sensitive area are overlapped, correcting the path or the station location rule. The sensitive area can be avoided ahead of time or corresponding environmental protection measures are taken, and potential environment risks of projects are reduced.

The present invention discloses a method for repairing soil contaminated by heavy metal by utilizing plant. Said method is characterized by that in the soil contaminated by heavy metal the maize can be planted, before harvest at least two additives selected from editic acid or its sodium salt or its potassium salt (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid or its sodium salt or its potassium salt (NTA) and citric aid or its sodium salt or its potassium salt (CA) can be applied, and then the aerial part of maize can be harvested so as to attain the goal of repairing soil contaminated by heavy metal.

The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling migration of heavy metal pollutants in uranium tailings by plants. Five plants, namely Rhus chinensis, Trema orientalis, Buddleja officinalis, Melilotus officinalis and Pouzolzia zeylanica which have strong drought resistance and can retain different heavy metals are planted in a matching way, and applied with plant carbon and phosphate fertilizer at the same time so as to establish vegetation in a uranium tailings polluting area in a short time. Through reestablishment of the vegetation, the nitrogen content of the polluted soil is obviously increased, and the contents of the water-soluble heavy metals such as uranium are obviously reduced. The plants selected by the method are all planted locally, so the materials are easily taken, and the plants are easily planted and quickly grown; moreover, the method has the advantages of having good efficiency for controlling pollution, improving the soil, beautifying the environment, and the like. The method can be used for controlling heavy metal pollution and reestablishing vegetation of various mine degraded ecosystems.

The invention discloses a method for recovering plants in soil subjected to heavy metal cadmium pollution, and belongs to the field of soil pollution control in environmental protection. The method comprises the following steps: (A) periodically measuring the content of cadmium in the soil, and grafting willow; and (B) after the willow is grafted for two months, adding chemical enhancer consisting of ethyl lactate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic aid into the soil. In the step A, the willow is selected from Jiangsu willow clone J1011, and the planting density of the willow is between 4 and 6 strains every square meter when the content of the cadmium in the soil is 6 milligrams in every kilogram of soil. The method can overcome the defects of short and small strains, low growth rate, small amount of ground biology, and the like during recovery of the plants polluted by the heavy metal cadmium, improve recovery efficiency by singly using organic ligand as a chelate extracting agent to recover the heavy metals, has lower recovery cost, and reduces the use level of synthetic chelating agent such as EDTA by using the ethyl lactate so as to reduce environmental risk for recovering the heavy metal cadmium in the soil by extracting the plants.

The invention relates to a chemical enhanced phytoremediation method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-cadmium pollution soil, belonging to the field of soil pollution regulation; the method comprises the following steps: (A) the content of cadmium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, phenanthrene and pyrene in the soil is measured, and willow sowing is carried out; (B) chemical enhancer constitutedby ethyl lactate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is added after the willow is sewed for four months. The willow is golden silk willow J1022, and the planting density of the willow is respectively 4-6 per square meter in the soil which has 5mg phenanthrene, 50mg pyrene and 6mg cadmium in one kilogram. The method avoids the disadvantages of short and small plant, slow growing speed, and low living weight at the upper part of the soil in the phytoremediation, reduces the environment risk of heavy metal cadmium in the plant extraction soil remediation; the adding of the chemical enhancer improves the remediation efficiency that an organic ligand is singly used as chelating solvent extraction agent to remediate the heavy metal, and the remediation effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of organic pollutants in the soil is enhanced at the same time, and the remediation of cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon combined pollution in the soil is realized at the same time.

The invention discloses an eluent for the remediation of metal Cu contaminated soil and a leaching method, pertaining to the field of soil environment remediation. The eluent for the remediation of metal Cu contaminated soil comprises the ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid EDDS and ethyl lactate with the wt proportion by 1: 1-25. The remediation method is that the content of metal Cu in the contaminated soil is tested primarily; the metal Cu contaminated soil is put into a leaching column; the EDDS and ethyl are mixed to form a eluent, and an eluent is prepared with the proportion between eluent and soil weight by 1-50:1; (4) the prepared eluent is leached from top to bottom into the column, the leachate is collected from the bottom of the column. The EDDS of the invention has wide source and is obtained with low cost; the EDDS consumption is reduced, and the remediation cost is lowered; both the ethyl lactate and EDDS can be bio-degenerated, thereby reducing the environmental risk after leaching remediation.

The invention relates to a large manual sandstone factory wastewater treatment process which comprises the following steps of: carrying out three grades of water treatment processes on wastewater generated in the production process; in the first-grade water treatment process, settling and recycling production wastewater by adopting a slurry purifying device; in the second-grade water treatment process, mainly settling stone powder and sludge by adopting a vertical flowing type settling pond; in the third water treatment process, charging a flocculating agent into a water inlet according to the proportion of 1:5,000 by adopting an inclining pipe/plate settling pond so that a suspending matter which is more difficult to settle in water is rapidly settled; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the stone powder and the sludge settled in the second-grade settling pond and the third-grade settling pond by a vacuum filter; and conveying waste slag obtained by recycling wastewater and drying the sludge to a slag disposal field or using the waste slag for second ploughing and embedding. Meanwhile, an emergency pond is built for really achieving the aim of not externally discharging the wastewater under any condition. The invention solves the problem of difficult wastewater treatment of the traditional manual sand preparation, improves the construction environment of engineering, reduces the environmental protection risk and has favorable social and economic benefits.

The invention discloses a method for restoring lead polluted soil by in-situ strengthening plants, which comprises the following steps: China asters are replanted on soil with lead pollutants, and acid fertilizers NH4Cl and biodegradable chelating agents EDDS are applied to the soil. The invention uses the combined function of the acid fertilizer NH4Cl and the biodegradable chelating agent EDDS to strengthen and increase the total quantity of enriched lead of the overground parts of the China asters, and the China asters of the overground parts are harvested to treat the lead polluted soil. The method has high restoring efficiency and strong operability, furthest reduces environmental risks and human health hazards, and the like.

The invention discloses a repair method of chromium-contaminated soil, which belongs to the technical field of environment engineering. The method comprises the following steps: reducing hexavalent chromium in the chromium-contaminated soil, removing trivalent chromium and performing sewage treatment. Ferrous sulfate is added into the chromium-contaminated soil, and the reaction environment is adjusted, so that the efficiency for reducing the hexavalent chromium in the chromium-contaminated soil into the trivalent chromium is improved, and conditions are provided for removing chromium; chromium in the soil is extracted by adopting disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, the removal rate of the chromium in the soil is increased by adopting microwave heating, and the reaction time is shortened; sodium sulphide is added into chromium sewage, and the reaction environment is adjusted, so that the settling efficiency of heavy metals in the sewage is improved; and additionally, the sewage is converted into disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate solution, so that resource recovery and utilization are realized. According to the method, the hexavalent chromium is converted into the trivalent chromium to be treated, so that the environmental risk in the repair process is reduced; the chromium-contaminated soil is converted into chromium sewage for treatment, so that the treatment efficiency is improved, and the treatment effect is guaranteed; and the method has the characteristics of no secondary pollution, high efficiency, rapidity, high resource utilization rate and the like.

The invention relates to a modular dike which is intended for shore protection. The inventive dike is based on a reduced number of different prismatic, tubular modules including one quadrangular-section module, two triangular-section modules and a straight trapezoidal-section module. The aforementioned modules are equipped with tongue-and-groove coupling means for the stacking thereof and lateral fixing means such that it is possible to produce a dike of any width, height and section. Moreover, the modules have a thickness of the order of 2.5 metres, a similar height and a length of between 6 and 12 metres. In this way, the dimensions of the modules are suitable for the standard containers that are used to transport goods by road and, more specifically, the constituent modules of the dike can be transported by road on the standard transport network used for the containers. Furthermore, the modules are provided with large lightening holes and, following installation, the modules can be stabilised using, among other means, sand-filled geotextile bags which are disposed therein.

The invention relates to a drip washing method for remedying cadmium-contaminated soil. The drip washing method comprises the following steps: taking hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) with the concentration of 0.5-11% as a drip washing agent, and adding the drip washing agent into the cadmium-contaminated soil; collecting eluate, so that the washing process is completed. Experiments show that the drip washing agent has a relatively good effect on removing cadmium in the soil. The drip washing method has the advantages of high remedying efficiency, strong operability, low environmental risk and the like.

The invention discloses an electrophoresis apparatus and process suitable for an automobile leaf spring. Ball-blasted reeds are subjected to degreasing, parkerizing, water washing and other pretreatments through a conveying chain, then enter an electrophoresis trough, are automatically dried, subjected to strong cold and cooled down after electrophoresis and are finally off-line; the reeds are assembled into a leaf spring assembly after electrophoresis, and the assembly is subject to surface paint spraying through an electrostatic painting line so as to meet the requirements on product corrosion protection and surface colors of clients. The invention overcomes the shortcomings of a conventional leaf spring coating technology, and creates a brand-new leaf spring coating technology-the process route and production equipment adopting leaf spring uniwafer electrophoresis plus assembly surface painting. The process saves energy and labor, achieves high utilization ratio of paint, enables the salt fog resisting capability of the leaf spring to be higher than 300 h, and simultaneously improves and prolongs the surface quality and the service life of the reeds.

The invention discloses a control method and system for a coke oven riser pipe. The system comprises the riser pipe, a bridge pipe, a low pressure ammonia water spray nozzle, a high pressure ammonia water spray nozzle, a corresponding low pressure ammonia water pipeline, a corresponding high pressure ammonia water pipeline and a programmable controller, wherein a pipe cover capable of being opened and closed and a pipe cover driving cylinder are arranged on the riser pipe; the bridge pipe is connected to an end opening in one side of the riser pipe; a water seal valve and a water seal valve driving cylinder are arranged at the lower end of the bridge pipe; the low pressure ammonia water spray nozzle is arranged at a position, which is close to a riser pipe joint, in the bridge pipe; the high pressure ammonia water spray nozzle is arranged at a position, which is located below the low pressure ammonia water spray nozzle, in the bridge pipe; the low pressure ammonia water pipeline and the high pressure ammonia water pipeline are respectively connected to two end openings of a three-way ball valve; the three-way ball valve is connected with a three-way ball valve driving cylinder or an electromagnetic driving valve; an electromagnetic switching valve or/and the electromagnetic driving valve is/are electrically connected with the controller, and is/are electrically connected with a coke oven control system. According to the control system disclosed by the invention, safe interlocking between all facilities of the riser pipe and work of a coal charging car of the coke oven and a coke pusher is realized; by automatic control and replacement of unmanned work for manual work, the cooperation order of workers and the time deviation of the manual work are eliminated, and the safety and environmental protection risk during work of the coke oven riser pipe is reduced.