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The application discloses a fracturing fluid viscosity reduction simulation experiment system based on ultrasonic cavitation effect, which comprises a cavity, an ultrasonic cavitation mechanism, a laser measuring mechanism, an infrared observation mechanism, a loading mechanism and a data acquisition computer, the ultrasonic cavitation mechanism comprises an ultrasonic wave driving controller and an ultrasonic wave transducer, and the laser measuring mechanism comprises a laser driving power supply, a laser emitter and a photosensitive sensor. The application also provides a fracturing fluid viscosity reduction simulation experiment method based on ultrasonic cavitation effect, which comprises the following steps: step S1, establishing the fracturing fluid viscosity reduction simulation experiment system based on ultrasonic cavitation effect, and supplying gas to the cavity to pressurize; step S2, emitting ultrasonic waves, starting the laser measuring mechanism and the infrared observation mechanism, and transmitting data to the data acquisition computer; step S3, data processing; and step S4, setting multiple groups of control experiments, which has the advantages of joint observation, novel conception, ingenious design idea and accurate experimental data.