44 results about "Ionic selectivity" patented technology

The invention relates to a fluorescence-enhanced Hg<2+> detection chip based on oligonucleotide chains and a method thereof. The invention is characterized in that Hg<2+> can specifically realize the covalent binding with T basic groups on two adjacent full thymine (T) oligonucleotide chains to form a stable intermolecular T-Hg<2+>-T structure, thus inducing the release of complementary chains hybridized with the full T oligonucleotide chains. The preparation method comprises the following steps: fixing a detection probe onto a chemically modified glass slide, and then respectively hybridizing with the fluorescence-labeled and quencher-labeled complementary chains. When the chip is in use, only a sample to be detected needs to be added onto the chip and kept for a time period, the chip is rinsed and then scanned by a fluorescence chip signal analysis system, and the change of a fluorescence signal is analyzed to realize Hg<2+> detection. The higher the Hg<2+> concentration in a sample is, the more the fluorescence signal is enhanced. The concentration range of the detected Hg<2+> is 10 nM-100 muM. The invention has favorable ionic selectivity.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an inorganic molecular sieve composite porous membrane used for a redox flow battery, and an application of the inorganic molecular sieve composite porous membrane in the redox flow battery. The porous membrane, which is prepared by taking one or more than two kinds of organic macromolecule resins as the raw material, is used as a base body; and the surface of the base body is compounded with an inorganic molecular sieve to form the composite porous membrane. The composite porous membrane has simple preparation method, environment-protection process, controllable inorganic molecular sieve types and bore diameters, and adjustable ionic selectivity; compared with an original porous diaphragm, the molecular sieve composite porous membrane has relatively high ionic conductivity and ion blocking capability, so that the ionic selectivity is greatly improved; and in addition, by virtue of the composite membrane, mobility of an electrolyte solution can be effectively suppressed and the problem of capacity fading can be solved.

The invention discloses a nitrate ion selective microelectrode and the making method thereof. The nitrate ion selective microelectrode comprises a conical glass sleeve, and is characterized in that the cavity of the conical glass sleeve is filled with post-film electrolyte, the tip portion of the conical glass sleeve is filled with nitrate ion selective liquid film, Ag/AgCl filament is arranged in the conical glass sleeve, and at the mouth of the conical glass sleeve, epoxy resin is used to fixing the Ag/AgCl filament and sealing the conical glass sleeve. The size of the tip portion of the nitrate ion selective microelectrode is 1-10mum, the linear response ranges from 10<-1> to 10<-5>M, the gradient is 57.647mV/-log[NO3-], and the detection lower limit is 1*10<-5>M. The response time of the electrode is short and generally less than 5s, moreover, the nitrate ion selective microelectrode is small in size and simple to manufacture at a low cost.

The invention relates to a liquid flow cell composite membrane and application thereof in liquid flow cells, a pore membrane prepared from raw materials of one or two or more kinds of organic polymer resin is used as a matrix, one side surface of the matrix is composited with a dense membrane prepared from cation exchange resin, and the composite membrane is simple in preparation method and environmental friendly in process. Compared with the original pore membrane, the composite membrane has higher hydrophily and ionic selectivity, and can effectively inhibit the electrolyte solution migration problem, and the type and use scope of the liquid flow cell pore membrane material can be expanded.

The invention relates to a solvent processing method for a polymer porous ion conducting membrane for a flow battery; a polymer porous ion conducting membrane is placed in a processing solvent and soaked for 20 min or more, and then the film is placed at the temperature of 10-50 DEG C to make the solvent volatilized for 10 h or more; the polymer porous ion conducting membrane is prepared by one or two or more of organic polymer resins containing no ion exchange groups and used as raw materials. The porous ion conducting membrane after solvent processing has smaller pore size and also has high hole connectivity before processing, therefore, the porous ion conducting membrane has high ionic selectivity and proton conductivity as well as excellent oxidation stability. An all-vanadium flow battery assembled by the polymer porous ion conducting membrane has good cycle life and good battery efficiency.

The invention discloses a device and method for desalinizing alkaline water and seawater as well as concentrating and recovering mineral salts. The device is composed of an anode chamber, a first fresh water tank, a concentrated water tank, a second fresh water tank and a cathode chamber, wherein the compartments are isolated by ion selective permeation walls, a voltage is applied at two ends of the device, and inflow water passes through the first fresh water tank and then passes through the second fresh water tank so as to finally obtain purified outflow water. Under the electromigration action, anions and cations migrate toward anion and cation selective permeation walls, are adsorbed and permeate to enter the concentrated water tank, and the concentrated solution in the concentrated water tank can be subjected to ion recovery. The device can be used for desalinizing seawater and alkaline water, concentrating mineral salts from seawater, extracting mineral salts from alkaline water, softening boiler water, extracting mineral matters from underground mine water and preparing pure water, and can also be used for industrial wastewater treatment to recover useful ions from the wastewater.

The invention belongs to the field of chemical analysis and testing and particularly relates to a preparation method and an application of a 1,3-position symmetric squarylium cyanine probe based on carboxamidoquinoline. Firstly, a mixture of 8-aminoquinoline and 2-chloroacetyl chloride is subjected to ice-bath stirring in a dichloromethane solvent, a product and p-phenylenediamine are subjected to reflux in a methanol solvent, then 3,4-diethoxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione and a product are subjected to reflux reaction in toluene and n-butyl alcohol, and a final product is obtained through separation and purification. The obtained squarylium cyanine compound has excellent ionic selectivity and facilitates silver ion detection.

The invention discloses an organic coprecipitation preparation method of a nickel-manganese spinel high-voltage positive material LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 of a lithium secondary battery. The organic coprecipitation preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: weighing a lithium source, a nickel source and a manganese source according to a stoichiometric ratio, dissolving the sources into deionized water to obtain a solution A, dissolving an organic precipitating agent to obtain a solution B, and mixing the solution A and the solution B to generate a precipitation; and then directly evaporating to remove a solvent without carrying out filtering and precipitation washing to obtain a precursor, and then carrying out heat treatment to obtain the target product LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. According to the organic coprecipitation preparation method, Ni<2+> and Mn<2+> ions are compounded with the organic precipitating agent through coordination bonds in the forming process of the precipitation, so that the very high ionic selectivity is achieved; in addition, the precipitating agent can be removed by being decomposed in a sintering process, so that the precipitation is unnecessary to wash, not only is a preparation process simplified, but also the stoichiometric ratio of a product can be well controlled, and the process control and the product purity and property have the very good repeatability.

The invention provides a preparation method of indium oxide and a precursor thereof, belonging to the technical field of inorganic materials. According to the method, metal indium is used as a positive electrode, an inert electrode is used as a negative electrode, an aqueous ammonium salt solution is used as an electrolyte for electrolysis, and hydrogen peroxide is added during electrolysis to obtain indium hydroxide, so nitrate is prevented from being reduced to generate nitrite or nitric oxide, and the preparation process is environmentally friendlier; an anolyte circularly flows between a positive chamber and an anolyte storage tank, a catholyte flows through a negative chamber from a catholyte storage tank and then flows to the anolyte storage tank, and NH<4+> is diffused from the positive chamber to the negative chamber through a cation selective permeation membrane, so the stability of the anolyte and the catholyte is ensured, subsequent stable acquisition of nanometer indium oxide powder with uniform granularity is well guaranteed, and zero emission of waste gas and waste water is easy to achieve; meanwhile, the anolyte can still guarantee normal operation of a system underthe condition of a high solid content, so process efficiency is improved, productivity is increased, and production cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a proton-conducting membrane for flow batteries and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: chloromethylating polymers (such as polysulfone, polyphenyl ether and other engineering plastics) with excellent heat stability and chemical stability, grafting a molecule containing functional tertiary amino group to obtain a tertiary-amino ion-conducting membrane, and carrying out flow casting or solution coating to obtain the membrane. The prepared membrane is compact, homogeneous and transparent, has excellent proton conductivity, ionic selectivity and chemical stability, and can satisfy the application requirements of all-vanadium redox flow batteries. The polymer ion-conducting membrane can also be used as a diaphragm material for proton exchange membrane fuel batteries, water electrolyzers, supercapacitors and other devices. The membrane has the advantages of simple preparation method, environment-friendly technique, low cost and excellent mechanical properties.

The invention discloses a membrane-less electrodeionization-based water softening device and a water softening method therefor. The membrane-less electrodeionization-based water softening device comprises anode chambers, first water desalination tanks, concentrated water tanks, second water desalination tanks and cathode chambers. Each adjacent two of the anode chambers, the first water desalination tanks, the concentrated water tanks, the second water desalination tanks and the cathode chambers are separated by an anion selective-exchange wall or a cation selective-exchange wall. The water softening method for the membrane-less electrodeionization-based water softening device comprises the following steps that voltage is applied to two ends of the membrane-less electrodeionization-based water softening device; and water needed to be softened passes through the first water desalination tank and then passes through the second water desalination tank to form purified product water. Through electromigration action, anions or cations respectively move to the anion selective-exchange wall or the cation selective-exchange wall, are adsorbed and permeate into the concentrated water tank,wherein a concentrated solution in the concentrated water tank can recover the cations and the anions. The membrane-less electrodeionization-based water softening device can realize softening of boiler feed water, preparation of purified water, desalination of sea water and extraction of mineral substances of underground mineral water, and can be utilized for treatment on industrial sewage and recovery of useful ions of the industrial sewage.

The present disclosure discloses a system and a method for solar-driven photothermal seawater desalination and ion electroosmosis power generation. In the system, a first reservoir is provided with a first electrode immersed in seawater; a second reservoir is connected to the first reservoir via a cation selective nanofilm; a third reservoir is provided with a second electrode immersed in seawater, and the third reservoir is connected to the second reservoir via an anion selective nanofilm; and an adjustable sun-visor shields the cation selective nanofilm to form a first preset part of solar illumination and shields the anion selective nanofilm to form a second preset part of the solar illumination. Therefore, the cation selective nanofilm and the anion selective nanofilm are each under an asymmetric illumination to generate a temperature gradient.

The invention discloses a heavy metal ion adsorption material and a preparation method and application thereof. The material is a magnetic sodium alginate composite material composed of sodium alginate and Fe3O4-coated SiO2 nanoparticles, wherein the sodium alginate serves as a framework and is of a porous structure, and pores of the sodium alginate are filled with the magnetic Fe3O4-coated SiO2 nanoparticles. The magnetic sodium alginate composite material provided by the invention has high adsorption capacity on lead, nickel, cadmium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, zinc and other heavy metals inwastewater, especially has good selectivity on lead ions, the maximum adsorption capacity reaches 137mg/g, and the adsorption rate reaches 83%. The material has good reusability and convenient magnetic separability, still keeps 85% of adsorption effect after being repeatedly used for ten times, and has wide application prospects in the aspect of removing heavy metal ions in sewage.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a pH-responsive nanofluidic diode based on nanopores modified by polyarginine and polyglutamic acid layer by layer. The inner surfaces of the nanoporesare modified by adopting a layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte electrostatic adsorption method. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out chemical etching on a PET film to obtain asingle conical polyarginine modified nanopore, and enabling the nanopore modified by the polyarginine molecule to be subjected to pH action to obtain the nanofluidic diode with anion selectivity. Polyglutamic acid molecules have a large number of carboxyl groups, polyarginine and polyglutamic acid can be modified on a polyarginine molecular layer through an electrostatic adsorption method, and nanopores modified by polyarginine and polyglutamic acid layer by layer are obtained. The nanopores modified by polyarginine and polyglutamic acid layer by layer are subjected to pH action to obtain thenanofluidic diode with cation selectivity.

The invention belongs to the field of chemical analysis tests, and more particularly relates to a probe based on 1-and-3-symmetric squarine recognizing silver ions as well as a preparation method andapplication thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps detailed as below: firstly, N-(4-nitrophenyl)iminobisetnanol and paratoluensulfonyl chloride are taken as monomers for preparing a compound 2; secondly, the compound 2 and methyl thioglycolate are used for preparing a compound 3; thirdly, the compound 3 is reduced by hydrazine hydrate for preparing a compound 4 with sulfur ether and ester groups; fourthly, the compound 4 and a compound 5 are stirred in the mixed solution of methylbenzene and n-butyl alcohol at 110 DEG C for reflux reaction, and the final product is obtained by filtration and separation. The squarine compound obtained by the invention has excellent optical performance and ionic selectivity, thereby facilitating the detection of silver ions.

The invention relates to the technical field of removal of chloride ion impurities in a solid raw material, in particular to a device and a method for removing chloride ions in the solid raw material,and aims to solve the problem that the solid raw material is difficult to effectively utilize because the chloride ion impurities in the solid raw material cannot be more effectively and thoroughly removed in the prior art. The device comprises a container body; a cation selective permeable membrane and an anion selective permeable membrane are arranged in the container body, a sealed cavity formed by the cation selective permeable membrane is a cathode area, and a cathode is arranged in the cathode area; an anode area is formed between the anion selective permeable membrane and the containerbody, an anode is arranged in the anode area, a washing area is formed between the cation selective permeable membrane and the anion selective permeable membrane, and a stirring device is further arranged in the washing area. Chlorine ion impurities in a turbid liquid can be removed through electrolysis of the above device, so that solid raw materials can be utilized more effectively.

The invention provides an ammonium ion permselective nanofiltration membrane, a preparation method, application of the ammonium ion permselective nanofiltration membrane in sewage ammonium removal anda selective ammonium removal device, and belongs to the technical field of nanofiltration membranes. The ammonium ion permselective nanofiltration membrane comprises a desalination layer, a base membrane layer and a support layer which are sequentially arranged, and the base membrane layer contains an ammonium ion selective recognition receptor; and the ammonium ion selective recognition receptoris tripyrazole substituted benzene. Beneficial minerals such as potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium in a water body can be intercepted, ammonium ions selectively permeate, and selective permeation, concentration and recovery of the ammonium ions are achieved; and low-pressure driving is adopted, so that the selective separation efficiency is improved, the cost is saved, and the energy consumption is reduced. The technical problem that ammonium ions cannot be selectively separated from potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium ions through aperture screening of a traditional nanofiltrationmembrane is solved, the problems that a forward osmosis membrane method is low in ammonium removal efficiency, and osmotic balance limitation exists are solved, and the technical problems that a reverse osmosis method is high in cost and large in energy consumption, and beneficial ions such as potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium ions cannot be reserved are solved.