27 results about "Ionic selectivity" patented technology

A method for coupling energy storage and hydrogen production for lithium extraction from brine, as well as a device and application thereof, the method comprising the following steps: providing an electrolytic device separated by an inorganic solid lithium ion sieve membrane into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, arranging an energy storage electrode in the anode chamber and a hydrogen evolution electrode in the cathode chamber, introducing lithium-containing brine into the anode chamber and a recovery solution into the cathode chamber, and connecting a power supply to make lithium ions migrate from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber through the lithium ion sieve membrane, while the anode undergoes an oxidation reaction of energy storage material to convert electrical energy into chemical energy storage, and the cathode undergoes a hydrogen evolution reaction to generate hydrogen. The present application controls the anode electrochemical reaction path to replace the traditional oxygen evolution and chlorine evolution reaction with energy storage reaction, while achieving selective extraction of lithium ions, storing electrical energy in the form of chemical energy in the energy storage electrode, and simultaneously producing hydrogen in the cathode, effectively avoiding the generation of toxic chlorine gas, reducing the energy consumption of lithium extraction, and realizing the multiple coupling of lithium extraction, energy storage and hydrogen production processes.

The present disclosure relates to a method for making a carbon aerogel electrode material. The method involves initially making a wet organic sol-gel form. The sol-gel form is carbonized at a temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1000° C., for from about 2 hours to about 4 hours. The carbonized sol-gel is then activated under carbon dioxide flow, for from about 0.5 hour to about 1.5 hours, at from about 900° C. to about 1000° C.

The invention relates to the technical field of adsorbents, and discloses a preparation method of a cadmium ion selective adsorbent. The invention relates to a water-based metal corrosion inhibitor which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of amino undecanoic acid, 2-3 parts of citric acid, 0.45-0.6 part of NaOH, 4-6 parts of cellulose, 4-6 parts of thiourea, 4-6 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 450-650 parts of an MES buffer solution, 500 parts of a PBS buffer solution, 8-12 parts of a coupling agent, 8-12 parts of a cross-linking agent, 0.4-0.6 part of metallothionein and 20-30 parts of water. Metallothionein is bonded with carboxyl on the surfaces of the carbon dots through an amide reaction and is bonded with modified cellulose through a large number of hydrogen bonds, the bonding capacity of the metallothionein and the modified cellulose is greatly enhanced, and the stability of the adsorbent is improved. The adsorbent prepared by the invention has excellent selective adsorption to cadmium, has excellent tolerance to some common coexisting interfering ions in a water body, and has excellent industrial application prospects.

The invention discloses a PVDF production fluorine-containing wastewater resourceful treatment system and method based on ion exchange resin, and belongs to the technical field of industrial wastewater treatment. The system comprises a pretreatment unit, a deep purification unit, a regeneration unit, a resource recovery unit and an automatic control unit which are communicated in sequence. The deep purification unit adopts at least two resin exchange towers connected in parallel and is filled with fluorine ion selective exchange resin; the regeneration unit realizes resin regeneration through closed-loop circulation of regeneration liquid between a resin tower and a regeneration liquid storage tank; and the resource recovery unit is used for conveying the fluorine ion-enriched regenerated waste liquid to a calcium fluoride production device. The method comprises the following steps: wastewater is pretreated and then enters a resin exchange tower for deep defluorination, and produced water is recycled; after the resin is saturated, a regeneration program is automatically switched and started, fluorine ions are eluted through cyclic regeneration, and finally the high-fluorine regenerated waste liquid is converted into a calcium fluoride product. The system provided by the invention realizes organic combination of deep purification of fluorine-containing wastewater and efficient recovery of fluorine resources, can continuously and automatically operate, and has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, low operation cost and environmental friendliness.

The present application provides an electrochemical sensor and a method for testing metal ions by using the same, and relates to the technical field of water quality testing. The electrochemical sensor provided by the present application includes: a sensor body; sensing electrodes arranged on a surface of the sensor body, the sensing electrodes including a testing electrode, a reference electrode and a hydrogen ion indication electrode; an ion permselective membrane covering a surface of at least one of the testing electrode and the hydrogen ion indication electrode. According to the present application, the ion permselective membrane on the sensor body filters corresponding target hydrogen or metal ions in a solution. The hydrogen ion indication electrode measures a pH value of the solution and calibrate the concentration of tested ions based on the pH value, to reduce the interference of the pH value of the solution on measurement. The testing electrode tests the concentration of metal ions and calibrates the concentration of tested ions, to reduce the interference of interference ions on the tested ions, thereby enhancing the testing accuracy and stability.

The invention discloses a biochar material for recycling rare and precious metals from waste solar cells and a preparation method of the biochar material, and relates to the technical field of biochar materials. When the biochar material for recycling the rare and precious metals from the waste solar cells is prepared, firstly, biomass raw materials are dried, smashed, carbonized and carboxylated, and then biochar is prepared; growing a metal organic framework on the surface of the biochar in situ to prepare metal organic framework modified biochar; enabling the metal organic framework modified biochar to react with paraformaldehyde and diethyl phosphite to prepare phosphating modified biochar; reacting the phosphatized modified biochar with 3-bromopropylene to obtain modified biochar; and coating the surface of the modified biochar with an ion imprinting layer to prepare the biochar material for recycling rare and noble metals from waste solar cells. The biochar material for recycling rare and precious metals from waste solar cells prepared by the invention has the advantages of selective ion adsorption, high adsorption capacity and recyclability.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-selectivity and high-pollution-resistance composite nanofiltration membrane based on in-situ hydrolysis-assisted interfacial polymerization (IP). According to the method, before an IP reaction process of piperazine (PIP) and 1, 3, 5-benzoyl chloride (TMC), controllable water is innovatively introduced into an organic phase to realize in-situ pre-hydrolysis of a monomer, then polymerization reaction kinetics and a film forming process are regulated and controlled, and a polyamide (PA) selection layer with an ultrathin and smooth structure and optimized pore size distribution is obtained. Compared with the prior art, the composite nanofiltration membrane prepared by the method has the advantages that the water flux and the monovalent / divalent anion selectivity are remarkably improved while the high divalent salt rejection rate is maintained, and the composite nanofiltration membrane has relatively high anti-pollution performance, breaks through the tradeoff limitation between permeability and selectivity in a traditional nanofiltration membrane, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And the technical bottleneck of uneven distribution of a film surface structure and charges is effectively relieved. The technology is simple in process, mild in condition and good in repeatability, and has wide application prospects in the field of resource separation such as high-salinity wastewater salt recovery and salt lake lithium extraction.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a monovalent cation selective membrane with an Al-MOF-based layered frame structure, and belongs to the technical field of membrane separation. The monovalent cation selective membrane solves the problems that the ion flux and the selectivity are difficult to consider, the structure of a separation layer is uneven, many polymerization defects exist in a frame pore channel, and the long-term use stability is poor in the existing monovalent cation selective membrane. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile basement membrane, preparing an Al-MOF modified basement membrane, and carrying out heat treatment and curing after interfacial polymerization reaction. The interfacial polymerization process is regulated and controlled through the confinement of an Al-MOF layered frame structure, a polyamide separation layer with high crosslinking degree, narrow pore size distribution and high positive charge density is cooperatively constructed in combination with a binary mixed amine monomer, the dual effects of electrostatic repulsion and size screening are synchronously enhanced, the Na < + > / Mg < 2 + > monovalent cation selectivity can reach 50.45 under the optimal condition, meanwhile, the high monovalent ion flux is maintained, and the specific surface area is increased. The membrane has excellent long-term operation stability and is suitable for separation of monovalent and multivalent cations in an electrodialysis system.

The application discloses a kind of based on shallow ground source heat regulation and control's electrodialysis salt lake lithium extraction and membrane pollution removal method, including ultra-shallow ground source heat pipe, surface ground source heat pipe, brine tank, fresh water tank, porous medium membrane and external circuit, wherein: using the heat of ultra-shallow ground source, surface ground source, respectively, fresh water tank and brine tank are heated or cooled, so that there is certain temperature difference between fresh water, brine, voltage is applied on the two sides of system, using electrodialysis process principle, lithium ion, magnesium ion in brine can be separated from original solution;Use specific cation selective exchange membrane, lithium ion is separated from lithium, magnesium mixed solution;Meanwhile, magnesium ion will adhere to cation selective exchange membrane and its ion channel, and form membrane blockage;At this time, remove electric field, based on Soret effect, magnesium ion will spontaneously migrate from high temperature side to low temperature side, and form no energy consumption membrane pollution removal.

The invention belongs to the field of adsorbents, and particularly relates to a rubidium and cesium ion selective adsorbent based on a bio-based porous carbon material and a synthesis method thereof.Biomass raw materials are smashed to be prepared into suspension liquid, the suspension liquid reacts with an activating agent, and a precursor is obtained; performing anaerobic calcination on the precursor to obtain a bio-based porous carbon material; heating the bio-based porous carbon material to 330-335 DEG C in an inert atmosphere, taking out the bio-based porous carbon material, and immediately reacting the bio-based porous carbon material with a cold ethanol water solution to obtain a modified bio-based porous carbon material; and dispersing the modified bio-based porous carbon material in a mixed aqueous solution containing transition metal salt and potassium ferrocyanide for reaction to obtain the rubidium and cesium ion selective adsorbent. The adsorption capacity retention rate of the adsorbent is not lower than 85% after five times of adsorption-desorption cycles in an ultrasonic-assisted desorption environment; after 8 times of adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity retention rate is not less than 75%; and the cycle service life is long.

This invention belongs to the field of cation exchange membranes and discloses a method for preparing a monovalent selective cation exchange membrane coupled with dibenzo-18-crown-6 nanomaterials. Utilizing the interaction between amino and sulfonic acids, diaminodibenzo-18-crown-6 (A18C6) is first added to a polymer, where A18C6 is immobilized near the sulfonate group. Then, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHTA) is added, thereby achieving the growth of nanomaterials with crown ether structures around the sulfonate group. The crown ether structure exhibits electrostatic interactions with alkali metals, and the forces differ depending on the metal. A18C6 exhibits different forces with K... + Na + Li + The strength of the interaction with Mg 2+ The monovalent selective cation exchange membrane prepared by this invention is suitable for electrodialysis processes due to the action of the force.

The present disclosure discloses a system and a method for solar-driven photothermal seawater desalination and ion electroosmosis power generation. In the system, a first reservoir is provided with a first electrode immersed in seawater; a second reservoir is connected to the first reservoir via a cation selective nanofilm; a third reservoir is provided with a second electrode immersed in seawater, and the third reservoir is connected to the second reservoir via an anion selective nanofilm; and an adjustable sun-visor shields the cation selective nanofilm to form a first preset part of solar illumination and shields the anion selective nanofilm to form a second preset part of the solar illumination. Therefore, the cation selective nanofilm and the anion selective nanofilm are each under an asymmetric illumination to generate a temperature gradient.

The invention relates to the technical field of nanofiltration membrane preparation and membrane separation, in particular to a double-ionic-liquid synergistic composite positive-electricity nanofiltration membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems that the surface of the traditional polyamide nanofiltration membrane is negatively charged, and high separation selectivity and high flux are difficult to simultaneously consider. A high-hydrophilicity and strong-polarity intermediate layer formed by codeposition of tannic acid and [HEMIm] [BF4] is constructed on the surface of a porous filter membrane polymer matrix; then hydrophobic ionic liquid [C6mim] [Tf2N] is introduced into a water phase to form a phase state interface design, and the positively charged polyamide layer with positively charged surface, high permeability, uniform pore structure, high selectivity and excellent anti-pollution stability is prepared through coordinated regulation and control of two ends of interface wettability and monomer diffusion rate by two ionic liquids with different functions. The obtained membrane layer has a high rejection rate on divalent ions, and is suitable for selective separation of multivalent / monovalent ions in a high-salt system.

This invention relates to a quantitative method for polyion-selective electrodes, specifically a novel method for rapid, accurate, and sensitive quantification based on the initial potential change rate of a polyion-selective electrode. Using an all-solid-state ultrathin polymer membrane polyion-selective electrode as the working electrode, it is inserted into the sample to be tested, causing the target polyions to accumulate at the membrane interface, generating an initial potential change rate. The concentration of polyions in the sample is then obtained based on the corresponding value of the initial potential change rate of the sample on a standard curve. This novel quantitative method for polyion-selective electrodes developed in this invention has advantages such as simple operation, short detection time, low operating cost, and suitability for on-site detection. It is of great significance for the direct potential determination of polyions and for counterion determination, enzyme assays, and immunoassays using polyion electrodes as signal converters.

The present application belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and provides a method for selectively removing lead ions in perovskite solar cell leachate. The present application mixes the perovskite solar cell leachate with a pH regulator, and uses amyloid fibril-ceramic membrane for filtering treatment to complete the selective removal of lead ions in the perovskite solar cell leachate. The amyloid fibril-ceramic membrane is obtained by modifying the surface of a ceramic membrane with an interface regulator to make the surface of the ceramic membrane negatively charged, then applying an amyloid fibril solution on the surface of the ceramic membrane, and self-assembling a three-dimensional network structure functional layer under the driving of electrostatic interaction, and drying to obtain the amyloid fibril-ceramic membrane. The method for selectively removing lead ions can be carried out at room temperature, and has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption, high efficient selective removal of lead ions in a complex system containing multiple metal ions and organic matters, removal rate of more than 99%, good anti-interference ability of coexisting ions and organic matters, and wide application prospect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of osmotic energy conversion membranes, and discloses an aramid nanofiber membrane material and a preparation method thereof. Comprising the following steps: uniformly coating a nylon plate with an aramid nanofiber dispersion liquid, and performing blade coating by using a scraper to obtain an initial aramid nanofiber membrane on the nylon plate; stripping the initial aramid fiber nanofiber membrane from the nylon plate to obtain a self-supporting initial aramid fiber nanofiber membrane; the self-supporting initial aramid nanofiber membrane is soaked in deionized water, and residual chemical reagents are removed; and drying the self-supporting initial aramid fiber nanofiber membrane to obtain the aramid fiber nanofiber membrane. Compared with the prior art, the mechanical property of the film is remarkably improved; excellent cation selectivity is shown; in addition, the film resistance is obviously reduced by controlling a scraper coating process; in the aspect of cost, the preparation process of the ANF membrane is simple, and the preparation of a large-area membrane can be easily realized.

The invention relates to an electrodialysis device and method for selectively synthesizing cobalt ferricyanate and efficiently extracting potassium and application. A membrane stack structure of the electrodialysis device sequentially comprises a first anion exchange membrane, a cation exchange membrane, a monovalent and divalent cation selective separation membrane and a second anion exchange membrane to form an anode chamber, a first raw material chamber, a product chamber, a second raw material chamber and a cathode chamber. Under the driving of a direct-current electric field, Co < 2 + > and [Fe (CN) 6] < 4-> are directionally migrated to a product chamber for reaction, and a CoHCF material with smooth surface, uniform size and high crystallinity is generated. The method effectively inhibits side reactions, and improves the purity and structural controllability of the material. The separation coefficient of the prepared CoHCF on K < + > in a high-sodium solution with the ratio of K < + > to Na < + > being 1: 30 reaches up to 13.05, and the CoHCF is suitable for efficient selective extraction of potassium resources in seawater and brine.

The invention relates to a resource recovery method of rare earth ammonium sulfate leaching wastewater, and a selective electrodialysis device comprises an anode chamber, at least one group of repeating unit chamber consisting of a desalination chamber and a concentration chamber, and a cathode chamber which are arranged in sequence; each repeating unit chamber is formed by separating a membrane unit consisting of an anion exchange membrane, a monovalent / multivalent cation selective separation membrane and an anion exchange membrane; the rare earth ammonium sulfate leaching wastewater comprises a mixed solution of rare earth sulfate and ammonium sulfate; rare earth ammonium sulfate leaching wastewater is introduced into a desalination chamber, rare earth ions are intercepted in the desalination chamber by a monovalent / multivalent cation selective separation membrane and an anion exchange membrane, and NH4 < + > and SO4 < 2-> enter a concentration chamber through the monovalent / multivalent cation selective separation membrane and the anion exchange membrane respectively. Rare earth ions and NH4 < + > are separated by virtue of the Donnan effect and size screening of a monovalent / multivalent cation selective separation membrane in the selective electrodialysis device, so that the resource recovery of the rare earth ammonium sulfate leaching wastewater is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of ion exchange membranes, in particular to a zwitterionic conduction membrane containing a fluorine side chain as well as a preparation method and application of the zwitterionic conduction membrane. Under the catalysis of Lewis acid, a polymer main chain and fluorine-containing benzoyl chloride are subjected to Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction to obtain a polymer with a fluorine-containing side chain; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction on fluorine atoms activated by carbonyl on a fluorine-containing benzene ring and a hydroxyl-containing nidazole compound, and grafting a basic group; a nucleophilic ring-opening reaction is carried out on sultone by using tertiary nitrogen atoms on a nidazole ring, an amphoteric acid-base pair structure containing quaternary ammonium salt and sulfonic acid groups is obtained on a same side chain, and film casting is carried out. The fluorine-containing side chain is used as a chemically stable bridge and an efficient reaction activation point, and the prepared zwitterionic conduction membrane with the fluorine-containing side chain has high ionic conductivity, ionic selectivity and chemical stability, can be used in the fields of flow batteries, fuel cells, hydrogen production by electrolysis of water and the like, and has a good application prospect.

The invention provides a selective separation method for lithium ions and multivalent ions in a multi-ion coexistence system, belongs to the technical field of metal ion separation, and aims at solving the problem that multivalent metal ions are not fully utilized in an existing leaching solution lithium extraction method. The method comprises the following steps: adjusting the pH value of the multi-ion coexistence system containing at least one of Al < 3 + > and Fe < 3 + >, Li < + > and Mg < 2 + > to be 10-13; reacting for 20 minutes to 2 hours at the temperature of 25 to 80 DEG C to enable at least one of Al < 3 + > and Fe < 3 + > and Mg < 2 + > to generate a magnesium-based composite hydroxide precipitate; and carrying out solid-liquid separation, wherein the obtained magnesium-based composite hydroxide is used for deeply removing heavy metal ions in heavy metal-containing wastewater. The method is simple in process, lithium is extracted, and meanwhile high-value utilization of multivalent metal resources is achieved.

This invention discloses a MnO2 pseudocapacitive material containing cation vacancy defects, its preparation method, and its applications. In the preparation process, different types and amounts of pre-doped ions are introduced during hydrothermal treatment, followed by etching in acid and alkaline solutions. By optimizing the etching conditions, the pre-doped ions are selectively dissolved, forming cation vacancies in the MnO2 lattice, ultimately yielding the MnO2 pseudocapacitive material containing cation vacancy defects. The preparation method provided by this invention is characterized by its simple process, easily controllable reaction, and low cost, making it suitable for large-scale production of pseudocapacitive materials containing cation vacancy defects.

The invention provides a negatively charged enhanced nanofiltration membrane with uniform pore size as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The nanofiltration membrane comprises a supporting bottom membrane and an active separation layer loaded on the supporting bottom membrane, the active separation layer comprises an interfacial polymerization product of post-treated and modified polyamine and polyacyl chloride; the polyamine comprises polyamine containing double bonds and negatively charged functional groups and polyamine without double bonds and negatively charged functional groups; the post-treatment modification comprises grafting by using a functional monomer containing sulfydryl and a negatively charged functional group. The nanofiltration membrane has a larger pore diameter, narrower pore diameter distribution and enhanced electronegativity, and can improve the permeation flux of water and chloride ions, improve the salt separation efficiency and enhance the anti-scaling and anti-pollution capacities on the premise of not reducing the retention rate of Na2SO4. The nanofiltration membrane disclosed by the invention has high water flux, high sodium sulfate rejection rate and relatively high monovalent and bivalent anion selectivity, and has a wide application prospect in the zero discharge and recycling process of high-salinity wastewater.

The invention discloses a method for selectively detecting iodide ions through cathode photoelectrochemistry, and belongs to the technical field of analysis and detection. The method provided by the invention is a cathode photoelectrochemical detection method based on matched insertion induced symmetric breaking, and symmetric breaking can be induced by matching the diameter of the iodide ions with the interlayer spacing of BiOIO3 and embedding and fixing the iodide ions between layers, so that an enhanced polarized electric field and light current are obtained, and finally selective detection of the iodide ions is realized. According to the method, the problem that the anode is easily interfered by oxidation-reduction substances in a system during photoelectrochemical detection is avoided, the detection sensitivity is improved, the detection limit is reduced, and a new method for selective detection of iodide ions is developed.

The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of nanofiltration membrane and its preparation method.The nanofiltration membrane provided by the embodiment of the present application includes base film, and the separation layer is arranged on the base film, and the separation layer includes the polymer formed based on tobramycin.Thus, tobramycin can provide a large number of amino groups and hydroxyl groups for nanofiltration membrane, electrostatic effect is generated by amino group, lithium ions and other ions are selectively separated, and other ions can be effectively intercepted, to improve the selectivity of nanofiltration membrane.Meanwhile, the amino groups and hydroxyl groups provided by tobramycin control the relatively loose separation layer formed by nanofiltration membrane, can improve the permeability of nanofiltration membrane, and effectively improve the processing efficiency of nanofiltration membrane.

A method of separating chemical constituents by gas ion distillation, comprising introducing a gaseous sample into a reaction space at a pressure above about 10 torr, wherein the gaseous sample comprises at least two chemical constituents; introducing a gaseous reactant into the reaction space, wherein the reactant comprises reactant ions configured to selectively ionize the at least two chemical constituents of the sample; allowing the reactant ions to selectively ionize the at least two chemical constituents of the sample to form product ions, wherein the order of product ion formation is governed by the vapour concentrations of the at least two chemical constituents, the concentration of the reactant ions and the reaction rate coefficients of the at least two chemical constituents; and subsequently removing the ionized at least two constituents from the reaction space in the order of product ion formation.

This application disclosed a method of recycling the cycle of metallurgical wastewater of laterite nickel ore wet water, including the following steps: take laterite nickel ore high-pressure acid immersion fluid for circulating, CCD washing, iron aluminum and sinking MHP treatment; Filter to obtain the MHP sediment solution; Add alkali to the effluent to remove manganese, and filter to obtain MHP wastewater after manganese removal; Perform ion exchange to recover nickel and cobalt from the wastewater after removing manganese from MHP, obtain the ion exchanged solution and enriched nickel cobalt solution, and reuse the enriched nickel cobalt solution in the CCD washing process; After ion exchange, the liquid is subjected to extraction or ion selective membrane treatment to obtain magnesium rich and magnesium poor solutions; Part of the magnesium rich solution is reused in the MHP precipitation process, while the remaining part is evaporated and crystallized to obtain magnesium sulfate; The lean magnesium solution is electrolyzed by bipolar membrane, and the sodium hydroxide solution obtained is reused for iron and aluminum removal and MHP precipitation processes, while the sulfuric acid solution is reused for high-pressure acid leaching processes. This application improves the recovery and utilization rate of wastewater from wet metallurgy of laterite nickel ore, and the recovered intermediate products can be further purified or directly reused in the preliminary process.

The application discloses an amorphous Co@Nd(BO2)3 / rGO nano-composite electromagnetic wave absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of magnetic functional materials. The application adopts a chemical reduction method to co-reduce divalent cobalt ions and trivalent neodymium ions, utilizes the difference in reduction properties of the two kinds of metal ions, and forms the completely amorphous Co@Nd(BO2)3 core-shell structure nano-composite particles after selective reduction of the divalent cobalt ions in the reaction process, and the nano-composite particles are uniformly pinned on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), so that a novel Co@Nd(BO2)3 / rGO nano-composite structure is prepared. The preparation process is simple, and the amorphous Co@Nd(BO2)3 / rGO nano-composite electromagnetic wave absorbing material can be prepared in large quantities. The amorphous Co@Nd(BO2)3 / rGO nano-composite electromagnetic wave absorbing material has excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing performance and good structural and performance stability, and is suitable for wide application.