The invention relates to a portable multifunctional sample processing instrument for environmental detection. Air and water samples are used as processing objects. , Carrier gas stripping and trapping absorption process, direct detection of the absorption liquid can be used for quantitative analysis. The instrument is composed of a gas passage and a control circuit, which work together. The gas passage is mainly composed of a gas extraction pump, a flow meter, a gas washing pipe, a reaction pipe and an absorption pipe, while the control circuit is mainly composed of a lithium power supply, a time relay, a lighting lamp, and a control Buttons and the like are connected by conductive wires. The instrument can be used as an air sampler for the sampling and absorption of formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, volatile phenol, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury and other gaseous substances in the air, and can also be used for water, food, etc. Extraction and enrichment treatment of mercury, arsenic, antimony, cyanide, sulfide and other substances in various media. The instrument structure is ingeniously designed, small in size, light in weight, easy to operate and efficient. It adopts DC power supply and can be carried around, especially suitable for field and field use.