The invention relates to a diclofenac sodium hydrogel microballoon with pH sensitivity, a preparation method and application thereof. In the invention, chitosan and sodium alginate are used as drug carriers to prepare a diclofenac sodium hydrogel microballoon slow release preparation; the mass ratio of a used diclofenac sodium drug to the chitosan to the sodium alginate is (1-3):(5-8):(5-8); and the chitosan is N-succinyl-chitosan. The microballoon preparation can durably develop the drug effect to ensure that diclofenac sodium can be regularly and quantitatively released for a long time; after the microballoon preparation is taken, the blood concentration is stable, the fluctuation is small, and the duration time is long; the microballoon preparation has pH sensitivity, thereby irritations and toxic hazards to the stomach mucous membrane, which are caused by directly and orally taking diclofenac sodium tablets, are reduced; and the microballoon preparation has good effects of cooling down and easing pains and is suitable for various rheumatisms, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, various pains caused after operations, fevers caused by various reasons, and the like.