The invention provides an evaluation method for the service life of a lead-based anode material, and belongs to the field of hydrometallurgy. The evaluation method for the service life of the lead-based anode material comprises the following steps that 1, the lead-based anode material is processed through the methods of polishing and chemical processing, and it is ensured that the surface of the lead-based anode material is free of obvious scratches; 2, electrolytic treatment is conducted on the lead-based anode material through a solution containing CrO3, H2SO4, NaCl and NH4F; 3, the thicknesses of oxidation films within different processing time are analyzed through SEM; 4, the internal stress of the oxidation films of different thickness is determined by using a Raman spectrographic method and an XRD analysis method; 5, the relationship between the stress sigma and the oxidation film thickness X is built, that is, sigma=AX+B; and 6, the service life of the lead-based anode material is evaluated according to the stress gradient A. According to the evaluation method for the service life of the lead-based anode material, the service life of the lead-based anode material can be evaluated easily, conveniently, rapidly and accurately, the economical and practical effects are achieved, and the cost is low; it is conducive to master the using and replacing periodicity of a lead anode in the electrolysis industry and the electroplating industry, continuous production is ensured, and the quality of cathode products is improved.