The invention discloses a high-strength fly ash brick and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building material preparation, the preparation method of the fly ash brick comprises the following steps: 1, mixing and stirring fly ash, gypsum, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride and potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture; mixing and stirring the mixture with a reinforcing agent, cement and zeolite in parts by weight, and adding water in the stirring process to obtain a mixed material; and 2, carrying out digestion treatment on the mixed material; carrying out compression molding treatment to obtain a green body, transferring the obtained green body into a still kettle, and curing for 12 hours to obtain the high-strength fly ash brick. The reinforcing agent in raw materials of the fly ash brick takes brucite fiber as a matrix, the surface of the brucite fiber is coated with a layer of polyphosphoric acid, the polyphosphoric acid and a flame-retardant component are combined in an ionic bond or coordination form, the flame-retardant component is introduced into the surface of the brucite fiber to form a polyphosphamide coating layer, the mechanical property is improved by adding the reinforcing agent, and the flame retardant property is improved.