458 results about "Hydrogen production rate" patented technology

The invention discloses a preparation method for a multi-hole carbon nitride photocatalytic material doped with sulphur, belonging to the technical field of synthesis of photocatalytic materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps of preparing a super-molecule polymer through simple hydro-thermal treatment by taking melamine and trithiocyanuric acid as a raw material and taking water as a solvent, and burning in an inert atmosphere so as to obtain a three-dimensional network sulphur-doped multi-hole carbon nitride photocatalytic material. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that simplicity and easiness in preparation are achieved, a method for burning a super-molecule polymer is adopted, any template agent and a surface active agent do not need to be added, a reaction system is simplified, the cost is low, the pollution of a reagent is slight, the reaction repeatability is good, a preparation condition is mild, the time consumption of a synthetic process is short, and the requirement on equipment is high; the multi-hole carbon nitride photocatalytic material doped with sulphur has excellent catalytic activity in a catalyzing hydrogen production reaction, and the hydrogen production rate of the material is 8.3 times and 5.2times that of a product obtained by burning melamine and trithiocyanuric acid under the same condition.

A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen from carbonaceous materials using a hydrogen-selective permeation membrane incorporated into a carbonaceous material reactor, as a result of which, hydrogen production rate from the reactor is increased, downstream gas cleaning and purification units of conventional systems are eliminated or substantially reduced in size, and the thermal efficiency of producing hydrogen from carbon-containing materials is increased and its production cost is reduced.

The invention relates to a carbon quantum dot, precious metal and zinc indium sulfide composite photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof. The composite photocatalyst contains a hexagonal-phase zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4) matrix, and reduced carbon quantum dots and precious metal particles which are carried on the surface of the ZnIn2S4 matrix, wherein the ZnIn2S4 matrix is of a peony-flower-shaped structure, the particle size of the matrix is 0.1-10 micrometers and the BET specific surface area of the matrix is 10-200 m<2>/g; the particle size of the carbon quantum dots and the precious metal particles is 1-10 nm; precious metal refers to one or a mixture of some of gold, platinum, silver or palladium. The composite photocatalyst has high catalytic activity (with a hydrogen production rate up to 1mmol.h<-1>g<-1>) under irradiation of visible light (more than or equal to 400nm), and has long service life (over 50 hours).

Hydrogen generators and integrated hydrogen generator/fuel cells systems are operated by determining the condition of the hydrogen generator and the condition of the fuel to the hydrogen generator for selection of predetermined flow rates for each of the externally-provided raw materials. The processes of the invention can provide rapid transitions between hydrogen production rates while enabling enhanced efficiency and stability during transient operations.

The invention provides a hydrogen production method by hydrolysis of an aluminum-calcium alloy, wherein, aluminum and calcium in different mass percentages are taken as raw materials, and salt is taken as an activating agent. The obtained aluminum-calcium alloy can react with aqueous solution at different initial temperatures to produce hydrogen rapidly. In addition, hydrogen production rate and yield can be adjusted by changing the percentage of components in the alloy. The aluminum-calcium alloy can inhibit generation of an inertia alumina membrane on a surface, greatly improve the hydrogen production rate of the alloy per unit mass and lower hydrogen production cost.

A steam methane reforming process for producing a hydrogen product while capturing CO₂ from the process. Steam and a hydrocarbon are reformed in a catalytic reformer. The reformate is separated by pressure swing adsorption to form the hydrogen product and a PSA tail gas. The tail gas is returned to the reformer as a fuel. The fuel is combusted with synthetic air where the synthetic air is formed by combining a portion of the flue gas with industrial grade oxygen. The flue gas consists essentially of CO₂ and H₂O. The H₂O is condensed out of another portion of the flue gas to form an essentially pure CO₂ product.

Hydrogen generators operating over a range of hydrogen production rates are controlled by alternating production between a net hydrogen make rate and a net hydrogen loss rate. A hydrogen reservoir (150) is provided and the amount of hydrogen in the reservoir is the determinant as to which hydrogen production rate is employed by the hydrogen generator.

The invention aims to create a simple and convenient preparation method for a nickle/graphene-like carbon nitride compound composite catalyst for solving problems of environment pollution, energy crisis and the like at present, lowering the cost of a photocatalyst and increasing the rate of photocatalytic hydrogen production. The preparation method of the composite catalyst is green and environmental-friendly, the principle of the composite catalyst is that a graphene-like carbon nitride compound is taken as a photosensitizer, and the nickle monomer/graphene-like carbon nitride compound composite catalyst is prepared by reducing nickle ions by using a photo-reduction method. The nickle monomer/graphene-like carbon nitride compound composite catalyst provided by the invention is simple and convenient in synthesis method, high in photocatalysis hydrogen production rate, good in stability, low in price, non-toxic and environmental-friendly, and is a novel catalytic material with relatively large industrial photocatalysis hydrogen production prospects, and the cost can be greatly lowered if the catalyst is used in industrial production.

The invention relates to a hydrogen storage and production technology, in particular to a device and a method for chemical hydride catalytic-hydrolysis hydrogen production suitable for an onboard hydrogen source. The hydrogen production device mainly comprises a catalytic reaction chamber provided with a heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, a fuel pump and a controlling unit, and the hydrogen production method is used for controlling the contact and the separation between liquid fuel and catalyst to achieve the purpose of prompt hydrogen production as required. Since the heat exchanger is additionally arranged at the periphery or inside the catalytic reaction chamber, the heat from hydrolysis reaction is effectively utilized, the initial temperature of the liquid fuel is remarkably improved, the hydrogen-production rate of the device, the fuel conversion ratio and the system energy efficiency are greatly improved; and in addition, due to the design of the controlling unit, the continuous automatic adjustment of the delivery rate of the liquid fuel is realized, the stable hydrogen pressure of the system is ensured, and the hydrogen-storage density of the device is improved when the hydrogen supply demand at the hydrogen use terminal is responded in real time. The provided device for prompting hydrogen production can provide the onboard hydrogen source for hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles and various military and civil portable power supplies.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment, and relates to a method for producing hydrogen through coupled catalytic reforming and membrane separation reaction, and a device thereof, in particular to a method for producing hydrogen through fluidized-bed methane steam reforming, and a device thereof, which apply to the fields of petroleum, chemical industry and fuel cells. A main structure comprises a feed gas inlet, a pre-distribution chamber, a gas distribution plate, a palladium membrane component, a catalyst bed layer, a sampling port, a fluidized-bed reaction-zone bed body, a metal connection tube, a heating system, a hydrogen duct, an expansion section, a super pure hydrogen outlet, a vacuum pump, a backpressure valve, a liquid rotor flow meter, a water pump, an exhaust gas outlet, a heat exchanger, a gas rotor flow meter, a gas pump and a preheater, wherein the components are in gas-liquid communication and organic coordination to form a methane steam reforming hydrogen production device or reactor with a hydrogen selective membrane fluidized bed, and the top of the fluidized-bed reaction-zone bed body is sealed by adopting a cover-type structure. The invention has the advantages of simple process, low investment in equipment, good membrane separation performance and high hydrogen production rate.

The invention discloses a composite visible light photocatalyst loaded with two promoters at the same time and the application thereof. The two-step photodeposition method is adopted, the base metal-based reduced form promoter MoS2 and the base metal-based oxidized form promoter Co-Pi are evenly loaded on the surface layer of a CdS nanowire at the same time, and then the CdS/MoS2/Co-Pi composite visible light photocatalyst with a one-dimensional core-shell structure is obtained. The CdS/MoS2/Co-Pi composite visible light photocatalyst has the advantages that the preparing method is simple, catalytic efficiency is high, catalytic performance is stable, and no precious metal is contained. When the CdS/MoS2/Co-Pi composite visible light photocatalyst is used for catalysis and photolysis of water for hydrogen production under visible light, hydrogen production rate is 30.28 mmol/g.h, apparent quantum yield is 36.4% under the 420 nm wavelength, and sustainable development of the environment and energy is facilitated.

The invention discloses a controllable synthesis method of a monoatomic catalyst with low cost and high loading capacity, the monoatomic catalyst prepared by a method takes graphite-phase carbon nitride as a substrate, has the characteristics of low cost, high metal element loading capacity, controllable content and adjustable variety, and meanwhile, the method can be used for preparing the single-metal single-atom catalyst and a multi-metal single-atom catalyst, the single-atom catalyst has excellent catalytic activity and stability, and by taking the silver single-atom catalyst as an example, the visible light hydrogen production rate of the silver single-atom catalyst is 6.2 times that of silver nanoparticle-loaded graphite-phase carbon nitride, and after 60-hour continuous photocatalytic hydrogen production test, the hydrogen production rate is almost unchanged.

The invention relates to a novel ammonia borane composite material, in particular to the novel ammonia borane (NH3BH3) composite material used for inducing the hydrolysis of an ammonia borane compound to produce hydrogen under a mild condition. The novel ammonia borane composite material comprises hydrogen storage materials which have micron, submicron and nanometer particle sizes and are obtained by using an inducer (metal hydride MHx or a salt) and an ammonia borane mixture as initial raw materials. The metal hydride MHx comprises one of or a combination of a plurality of types of alkali metal hydride, alkaline earth metal hydride, transition metal hydride and rear earth metal hydride; and the salt comprises one of or a combination of a plurality of types of metal chloride and sulfate. The initiative phase component molar ratio of the inducer to the ammonia borane (NH3BH3) is (2-0.02):1. The novel ammonia borane composite material greatly improves the dynamics performance of hydrolysis hydrogen discharge of the ammonia borane, and has a high hydrogen discharge amount and a high hydrogen production rate when hydrolyzed under the mild condition.

The invention specifically relates to a monoatomic catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and application of the monoatomic catalyst in photolysis of water to produce hydrogen, belonging to the technical field of nano-material preparation and hydrogen production catalysts. The catalyst is a composite material formed by loading the single atom of precious metal onto a cadmium sulfide nano-material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a cadmium sulfide nano-material; (2) introducing the cadmium sulfide nano-material prepared in the step (1) into a solution ofa precious metal source to obtain a reaction solution containing a precursor; and (3) separating the precursor from the reaction solution obtained in the step (2), and calcining the precursor so as toobtain the composite material. The monoatomic catalyst of the invention can be used for photolysis of water to produce hydrogen, and the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the catalyst can beas high as 47.41 mmol/h/g, which is nearly 50 times the catalytic efficiency of catalysts only using cadmium sulfide; so the photocatalytic hydrogen production effect of cadmium sulfide-based catalysts are remarkably improved.

The disclosed invention relates to an isolated hydrogen gas producing microorganism, termed Enterobacter sp. SGT-T4™ and derivatives thereof. Compositions and methods comprising the disclosed microorganisms are also provided. The disclosed invention also relates to a method to increase the hydrogen production rate and yield of hydrogen gas producing microorganism in the presence of diatomaceous earth and other absorptive materials. Further, the disclosure relates to the production of high microalgal biomass and microalgal oils suitable for economical industrial scale bio-diesel production from processed bacterial fermentation wastes as feedstock using the green microalga Chlorella protothecoides.

The invention discloses a Co-B/NGO composite nanometer material. The Co-B/NGO composite nanometer material is prepared by firstly performing in-site reduction on nitrogen-doped graphene and inorganiccobalt salt through sodium borohydride and then performing freezing-drying, the specific area is 40-100 m<2>g<-1>; the material is magnetic, and can be attracted by a magnet. When the composite nanometer material is used as a catalyst for hydroboron hydrogen generation by hydrolysis, the hydrogen desorption rate is 500-1700mL/min<-1>g<-1>, and the hydrogen production rate is 100%; the material canbe adsorbed and recycled by the magnet, the recycling rate reaches 99.5%, and the hydrogen production rate after being circulated is maintained at 100-1530mL min<-1>g<-1>, namely, maintaining 50-85%of the initial hydrogen production rate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) precursor preparation: adding nitrogen-doped graphene and inorganic cobalt salt in an aqueous solutionfor ultrasonic dispersion mixing, reducing by using sodium borohydride, and finally centrifuging and washing to obtain a precursor; 2) preparation of the Co-B/NGO composite nanometer material: freeze-drying the precursor to obtain the Co-B/NGO composite nanometer material. The Co-B/NGO composite nanometer material disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation, has more excellent catalysis performance, and has an extensive application prospect in the application field of the hydroboron hydrogen generation by hydrolysis.

A hydrogen generator apparatus that delivers a hydrogen stream at a controlled rate to a fuel cell. The apparatus comprises a fuel tank, a wicking material in the fuel tank, a fluid retained in the wicking material, a first disc bounding the wicking material and comprising a hydrophilic membrane for receiving the fluid from the wicking material by a wicking pressure to form a fluid-wetted surface, a second disc having a porous surface area with the second disc being in contact with the first disc with the two discs moveable relative to each other, a catalyst on the porous surface to form a catalyst-coated surface, and hydrogen generated by hydrolyzation of the fluid contacting the catalyst due to a relative motion between the first disc and the second disc. Major features of this apparatus include simplicity, compactness and portability, hydrogen production rate adjustability, reliability, the ability to operate in any orientation and, in one preferred embodiment, a feedback mechanism to automatically maintain a constant pressure supply of hydrogen or constant hydrogen flow rate. The invention also provides an actively or passively controlled power source featuring such a hydrogen generator.

The invention relates to preparation of a composite material NH2-UIO-66@TpPa-1 and water-photodecomposed hydrogen production. The novel composite material NH2-UIO-66@TpPa-1 provided by the invention is used for solving the problem of the existing materials for water-photodecomposed hydrogen production that the efficiency of hydrogen production is not high. The preparation method comprises the steps: 1. preparing NH2-UIO-66; and 2. preparing the composite material NH2-UIO-66@TpPa-1. According to the preparation method, the preparation process is simple and effective, the reagent consumption is low, and the yield is high; and the photocatalyst provided by the invention can be used for effectively solving the problem that the water-photodecomposed hydrogen production of the NH2-UIO-66 is low in efficiency. The composite material NH2-UIO-66@TpPa-1 is applied to the field of photocatalytic-hydrolysis hydrogen production; and shown by experiments, the composite material has excellent water-photodecomposed hydrogen production performance, and the hydrogen production rate can reach 164 micromoles/g/h.

The invention discloses a catalyst for hydrogen production by bio-oil steam reforming and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst consists of 5-25wt% of active component nickel, 0-10wt% of an alkali metal promoter, 0-10wt% of a noble metal promoter, and 55-95wt% of a cerium-zirconium compound oxide carrier. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing the cerium-zirconium compound oxide carrier; and 2) mixing aqueous solution of soluble nickel salt with aqueous solutions of the catalytic promoters according to the proportion of the catalyst components, stirring evenly, dipping the cerium-zirconium compound oxide carrier in the mixed solution, stirring, ultrasonically dispersing, dipping, drying, roasting, and reducing at the temperature of 400-600 DEG C in hydrogen atmosphere to obtain catalyst powder. The catalyst is applicable to normal pressure, and has the advantages of simple preparation method, high reaction activity, strong anti-carbon deposition ability, good stability, low cost and the like, thus greatly enhancing the transformation ratio of the bio-oil, the hydrogen production rate and prolonging the service life of the catalyst.

The invention aims at solving the problems of environment pollution and energy crisis at present and discloses a simple preparation method of a nickel/graphene-like carbon-nitrogen compound composite catalyst, so that cost of a photocatalyst is reduced and hydrogen production rate during photocatalytic decomposition of water is increased. The preparation method of the composite catalyst is environment-friendly, and the principle is that that a graphene-like carbon-nitrogen compound is taken as a photosensitizer and a photoreduction method is used for preparing an amorphous nickel phosphide/graphene-like carbon-nitrogen compound composite catalyst. The prepared amorphous nickel phosphide/graphene-like carbon-nitrogen compound composite catalyst is simple in synthetic method, high in photocatalytic hydrogen production rate, good in stability and low in cost, can greatly save cost when being applied to industrial production and is nontoxic and environment-friendly, and therefore, the prepared amorphous nickel phosphide/graphene-like carbon-nitrogen compound composite catalyst is a novel catalysis material with larger industrial photocatalysis hydrogen production prospect.

The invention discloses a perovskite material/organic polymer compound photocatalyst, preparation and application, and belongs to the field of perovskite material/organic polymer compound photocatalyst. Rolled-piece-shaped carbon nitride is successfully dispersed on the surface of cobalt titanate, through compounding of electrons on a cobalt titanate conduction band and holes in a carbon nitride valence band, holes in a cobalt titanate valence band and electrons on a carbon nitride conduction band are separated, and therefore the photocatalytic performance is greatly improved. The material is applied to the field of water photolysis hydrogen production, and the hydrogen production rate is substantially increased compared with pure carbon nitride.

The invention discloses a CdS/MoO3 composite photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof, which relate to a catalyst material and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst solves the problems that the conventional hydrogen production by utilizing the light to decompose H2O is low in catalyst activity and hydrogen yield under visible light and cannot degrade organic pollutants. The CdS/MoO3 composite photocatalyst is prepared from Cd(Ac)2.2H2O, (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O and thioacetamide. The preparation method comprises the steps of: adding the Cd(Ac)2.2H2O, the (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O and the thioacetamide into solution of acetone or ethanol, sealing the obtained solution, then placing the obtained solution into an ultrasonic reactor to react, then cooling a product to room temperature, and then washing and drying to obtain the CdS/MoO3 composite photocatalyst. The composite photocatalyst is of nanosphere shapes, the particle size of the nanospheres is between 300 and 350nm, the composite photocatalyst is obtained by the self-assembling of each small particle with the particle size of between 5 and 20nm, and additionally, CdS nanocrystals are uniformly embedded in the nanospheres; and the catalyst is high in catalytic activity, and the hydrogen production rate can reach 2 to 5.25mmol/h.

The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by cracking water by using an aluminum-based material. The aluminum-based material is prepared from aluminum and oxide or carbonate with different mass percents serving as raw materials and an added salt serving as activating agent; and hydrogen is quickly produced by reacting the aluminum-based material with reaction medium. The hydrogen preparation rate and yield can be adjusted by varying the percent of each component in the aluminum-based material. The aluminum-based material can suppress production of an inertial aluminum oxide film on the surface, greatly improve the hydrogen production rate of alloy and reduce the hydrogen preparation cost.

The invention provides a nitrogen doped graphene quantum dot/mesoporous titanium dioxide photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots are distributed to the volume surface and the interior of titanium dioxide solid microspheres; the nitrogen doped graphene quantum dot/mesoporous titanium dioxide is of a spherical shape and has a diameter of 400 to 600 nm and a mesoporous structure; and the titanium dioxide is pure anatase type titanium dioxide. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: synthesis of the nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots, and in-situ synthesis of the graphene quantum dot/mesoporous titanium dioxide by adopting a sol-gel method. According to the invention, the graphene quantum dots interact with a structure directing agent due to static electricity, and are gradually distributed to the volume surface and the interior of titanium dioxide microspheres with the structure directing agent in the hydrolysis process of a titanium source; and the graphene quantum dots are used as electron acceptors and transfersomes of the titanium dioxide, thereby enlarging the separation time of electrons and holes, and achieving the purpose of strengthening the photocatalytic performance of a material. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, short synthesis period and easy control; and the hydrogen production rate of the material can reach 0.5 mmol<h-1>.

The invention relates to a Cd<1-x>Zn<x>S-Ni/MoS<2> composite photocatalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of inorganic nanomaterials. MoS<2> nanosheets in the composite have low crystallinity and are capable of exposing a large number of hydrogen-producing active sites. The doping of Zn and Ni significantly increases the redox ability of the photogenerated charges of CdS and promotes the separation of the photogenerated charges. Assembled nanospheres with uniform size have good resistance to light corrosion and aggregation. The combination of an ultrasonic water bath method and electrostatic adsorption assembling used for synthesis of the material is simple and controllable; and the composite prepared by using the method can realize high-efficiency photocatalytic decomposition of water for hydrogen production under visible light without loading of precious metals, so energy consumption and cost are greatly reduced. The prepared composite has acatalytic hydrogen production rate of up to 112 mmol/h/g.