The invention discloses a detecting method for the phosphorus content in vanadium slag. According to the method, a sample is smashed and dried; the sample and sodium carbonate-boric acid mixed flux are mixed uniformly, the mixture is fused for 20-25 min at the temperature of 900 DEG C+/-10 DEG C, frit is dissolved with 75 ml of hydrochloric acid, and the volume is metered to 250 ml; filtering is carried out, 20.00 ml of filter liquor is taken, three drops of paranitrophenol solution are added, a sodium hydroxide solution is dripped until the solution is yellow, hydrochloric acid is dripped until yellow fades, 5 ml of hydrochloric acid is added, 5 ml of ascorbic acid-hydroxylamine hydrochloride-bismuth nitrate mixed liquor is added, the mixed liquor is placed for 3-5 min, 5 ml of mecaammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate-antimony potassium tartrate mixed liquor is added, and the volume is metered to 100 ml; the mixed liquor is placed for 20 min, and with a blank as a reference, a spectrophotometer is used for measuring absorbance of developing liquid at the portion with the wavelength of 700 nm; a phosphorus standard sample with the concentration of 20 micrograms/ml is prepared, transferred and placed into volumetric flasks, water is added, hydrochloric acid is added, after developing, under the same condition, the absorbance is measured, and a working curve is drawn; the phosphorus content in the sample is calculated according to the following formula (see the formula in the description). The method is fast, efficient and particularly suitable for detecting the sample with the phosphorus content of 0.05-1.5%, and has high accuracy, repeatability and stability.