The invention discloses a culture medium for identifying infectious microbes of erythromycin fermentation liquid, a preparation method of the culture medium, and a method for identifying infectious microbes. The culture medium comprises the following raw materials of sodium chloride, a beef extract, yeast cream, glucose, peptone and magnesium sulphate. The preparation method comprises the following steps of enabling the raw materials to dissolve in distilled water, adjusting pH, dropwise adding a phenol red solution to the culture medium until the culture medium is deep red, subpackaging the deep red culture medium into clean empty test tubes, sealing the test tubes with rubber plugs or test tube caps, and performing sterilization so as to obtain the culture medium for identifying infectious microbes of erythromycin fermentation liquid. The method for identifying infectious microbes comprises the following steps of inoculating erythromycin fermentation liquid samples needing examination with the culture medium, performing culture, examining sample taking smear under a microscope, and through examining the microbe type of microbe strains on the smear, judging whether the erythromycin fermentation liquid contains the infectious microbes or not. The culture medium disclosed by the invention is definite in purpose, and coordinated and rich in nutrients, the preparation method is simple, quick, convenient and efficient, and the method for identifying the infectious microbes is simple, effective and high in accuracy degree.