The invention discloses chromon-substituted 2-hydroxypyrrole derivatives, and a synthesis method and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of medicinal chemistry. The structural formula of the chromon-substituted 2-hydroxypyrrole derivatives is shown in the description; and in the formula, n is 0 or 1, R is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or a methyl group, R<1> is hydrogen or fluorine, R<2> is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, and EWG is a benzoyl group, a p-methylbenzoyl group, a p-fluorobenzoyl group, a p-chlorobenzoyl group or a p-bromobenzoyl group. The target compounds with an anti-inflammatory activity, which are the chromon-substituted 2-hydroxypyrrole derivatives, are prepared from benzoylformaldehyde derivatives, coumarin derivatives and heterocyclic ketene aminals through a one-pot cascade reaction. The method has the advantages of easily available synthesis raw materials, simple synthesis process, no metal catalyst in the reaction, and low synthesis cost, and realizes the catalyst-free, simple and efficient one-pot process synthesis of the complex and diverse chromon-substituted 2-hydroxypyrrole derivatives.