The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for mining wasteland, belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of mines, and solves the problems that an existing restoration method for mining wasteland is high in cost and not sustainable and possibly causes secondary pollution. The ecological restoration method comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing waste biomass, performing hydrothermal carbonization, and performing solid-liquid separation on a hydrothermal carbonization product to obtain solid hydrothermal carbon and hydrothermal carbon liquid; step 2, adding the solid hydrothermal carbon into a nutrient solution for eutrophication to obtain eutrophicated hydrothermal carbon; step 3, mixing the eutrophicated hydrothermal carbon, water-absorbing minerals, biomacromolecules, a water absorbent monomer, a cross-linking agent and an inducer, and carrying out polymerization reaction to obtain a modifier; and step 4, adding the modifier into the mining wasteland soil, and planting plants for ecological restoration. According to the invention, the green and efficient modifier is prepared from the waste biomass, and an environment-friendly and sustainable mining waste land ecological restoration method is provided.