The invention discloses a method for recovering sulfur from atmospheric-pressure oxygen-rich leached residues of lead-zinc ores, and particularly relates to the recovery of sulfur in lead-zinc ore leached residues through vacuum distillation, belonging to the field of reclamation and reuse of solid waste resources. The method comprises the following steps of: placing atmospheric-pressure oxygen-rich leached residues, subjected to drying, milling and screening pretreatment, of lead-zinc ores into a vacuum distillation furnace, heating the residues to 200-400 DEG C, and controlling the pressure of the inside of the furnace to 600-10000 Pa, so that sulfur in the leached residues is sublimated and volatilized; pumping sulfur-containing vapor out of the distillation furnace by a vacuum pump; and cooling the sulfur-containing vapor so as to obtain a sulfur product. After the distillation is completed and the sulfur is completely volatilized, high-boiling-point residues are discharged out of the distillation furnace in a solid powder form. In the whole process, the furnace is internally sealed, thereby avoiding the oxidation and environmental pollution of elemental sulfur. The method is simple in technological process and equipment, high in sulfur recovery rate and product quality, low in energy consumption, strong in adaptability to raw materials and pollution-free, so that the method disclosed by the invention is an economic and efficient sulfur extraction method and can realize the zero discharge of waste smelting residues in a lead-zinc wet process, thus the method has broad application prospects.