The invention relates to a carbon/carbon fiber-silicon, boron, carbon and nitrogen ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof. The invention relates to a short carbon fiber reinforced silicon, boron, carbon and nitrogen ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing fiber reinforced silicon, boron, carbon and nitrogen ceramic composite material is complex in preparation process and high in cost, and the strengthening and toughening effect of the fibers is not remarkable due to over-strong interfacial adhesion. The product is prepared from short carbon fibers, phenolic resin, acetone and silicon, boron, carbon and nitrogen ceramic composite powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: I, dissolving phenolic resin in acetone to prepare dipping liquor; II, putting the short carbon fibers in the dipping liquor to dip, and then splitting in an argon atmosphere to obtain carbon coating-coated short carbon fibers; III, putting silicon powder, graphite and hexagonal boron nitride in a ball mill to ball-mill and mix to obtain composite powder; and IV, after mixing the carbon coating-coated short carbon fibers with the composite powder, carrying out hot pressed sintering to obtain the carbon/carbon fiber-silicon, boron, carbon and nitrogen ceramic composite material.