The invention discloses a building demolition method using a self-expansion effect of an expansion agent. The building demolition method using the self-expansion effect of the expansion agent comprises the following steps that step 1, the number of falling layers, destruction layers and destroying layers of a building to be demolished is calculated; step 2, stand columns of the destruction layersare marked; step 3, pouring holes are formed; step 4, oil storage holes are formed; step 5, expansion agent mixtures are prepared; step 6, the expansion agent mixtures are poured; step 7, openings ofthe pouring holes are closed by sealing devices; and step 8, burning devices are arranged to burn the stand columns, the stand columns are completely destroyed, and the demolition of the building is realized. According to the building demolition method using the self-expansion effect of the expansion agent, the problems of long demolition cycle, high demolition cost and high danger can be solved,and the momentum generated by the self-weight falling from the upper part of the building is used for destroying the entire building, the demolition of the building is realized in safety and controllability modes, the demolition cycle is short, the operation is simple, the demolition cost is low, and the safety and reliability are achieved.