The invention provides a microporous activated carbon fiber and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of activated carbon fibers. The ash content of the microporous activated carbon fiber is 1.1 wt%-2.0 wt%, the specific surface area is 1500 m < 2 >/g-2100 m < 2 >/g, the proportion of pores below 0.8 nm is 40-50%, the proportion of pores of 0.8-2 nm is 50-60%, no mesopores above 2nm exist, the O element content is 5%-15%, the C element content is 65%-90%, the H element content is 1%-2%, and the ignition point is 300-450 DEG C. The preparation method comprises the following steps: impregnating raw materials with a phosphoric acid aqueous solution, drying, carbonizing, washing with water, and carrying out high-temperature modification to obtain the activated carbon fiber. Wherein the raw materials are artificial fibers and/or natural fibers; the mass fraction of the phosphoric acid aqueous solution is 5%-15%. The microporous activated carbon fiber has the advantages ofno mesopore, high proportion of 0.8-2 nm micropores, large specific surface area, high strength and no sticking problem; meanwhile, the ignition point is high, the hydrophobicity is high, and the VOCsadsorption acting force is enhanced; the preparation method is low in cost and high in product yield.