The present invention discloses a high-performance modified chloroprene rubber adhesive, wherein the raw materials comprise chloroprene rubber, cis-polybutadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, an alkyl benzoic acid resin, a p-tert-butyl phenol formaldehyde resin, a terpene resin, nanometer silica, nanometer alumina, organic bentonite, white carbon black, active magnesium oxide, polystyrene, ethylene thiourea, zinc oxide, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, dimethyl carbonate, propylene glycol, methyl cyclopentane, 120# solvent oil, a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, an anti-aging agent, cerium oxide, a silane coupling agent KH-560 and a plasticizer. According to the present invention, the high-performance modified chloroprene rubber adhesive has characteristics of high bonding strength, good low temperature resistance, good weather resistance, good heat resistance, good aging resistance, and excellent storage stability.