The invention relates to a biodegradable high-performance modified particle material and a preparation method thereof. The biodegradable high-performance modified particle material is prepared from polylactic acid PLA, a natural organic plant fiber material, oxidized modified high-amylose starch, a composite plasticizer, a combined modifier, a functional aid, a modifier, modified carbon nanofibers and an inorganic filler. By carrying out melting reaction extrusion at 55-185 DEG C through a double-stage serial screw granulating unit, and carrying out mixing, reaction, extrusion, cooling, cutting, drying, sterilization and packaging, the particle material is obtained. Various household and industrial products, toys, stationery and electronic product shells are produced by adopting universal equipment such as extrusion molding, plastic uptake or injection molding units. The adopted raw materials are rich in source, the raw material cost is low, the process is simple, the production cost is low, and the prepared particle material has high strength and good antibacterial performance, anti-aging performance and hydrophobic performance and can meet the requirements of various biodegradable hard material products.