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This invention discloses a high-temperature resistant downhole emulsion explosive and its preparation method, belonging to the field of emulsion explosive technology. The emulsion explosive comprises an aqueous phase material, an oil phase material, and a sensitizer, with a mass ratio of (88-96):(4-12):(0.8-2.0). The aqueous phase material, by mass parts, includes the following raw materials: 70-80 parts ammonium nitrate, 4-6 parts sodium nitrate, 5-8 parts urea, 0.1-0.6 parts chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, and 10-20 parts water. The oil phase material, by mass parts, includes the following raw materials: 50-70 parts composite oil phase and 20-40 parts composite emulsifier, which includes Span80 and polyisobutylene succinimide derivatives. This invention involves adding the aqueous phase material to the oil phase material, adding the sensitizer to the emulsion matrix formed by emulsification, and stirring to prepare the emulsion explosive. The emulsion explosive provided by this invention is suitable for use in deep well high-temperature environments and exhibits good high-temperature stability.