The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicinal composition for treating a cough. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3-18 parts of chrysanthemum flowers, 2-12 parts of herba ephedra, 2-12 parts of rhizoma phragmitis, 2-12 parts of poria cocos, 12-25 parts of liquorice, 10-21 parts of the tuber of stemona, 2-12 parts of oriental wormwood, 5-17 parts of radix salviae miltiorrhizae, 10-22 parts of houttuynia cordata, 11-27 parts of lignum dalbergiae odoriferae, 7-22 parts of scaphium scaphigerum, 1-2 pieces of momordica grosvenori, 9-15 parts of folium mori, 3-9 parts of orange peel, 15-31 parts of mint, 11-19 parts of folium eriobotryae, 7-15 parts of artemisia apiacea, 11-23 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 5-10 parts of grifola umbellate, 10-20 parts of immature bitter orange, and 10-25 parts of aster flowers. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition for treating a cough has the efficacies of purging lung and clearing heat, preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing, moistening lung and relieving asthma, invigorating spleen and supplementing qi, as well as regulating middle energizer and inducing diuresis, has a significant curative effect in treating a cough, and is reliable in effects, easy and convenient to prepare, mild in property, and free of toxic and side effects.