111 results about "Platinum black" patented technology

The invention is directed to conductive polymer compositions, catalytic ink compositions (e.g., for use in screen-printing), electrodes produced by deposition of an ink composition, methods of making, and methods of using thereof. An exemplary ink material comprises platinum black and/or platinum-on-carbon as the catalyst, graphite as a conducting material, a polymer binding material, and an organic solvent. The polymer binding material is typically a copolymer of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers. The conductive polymer compositions of the present invention can be used, for example, to make electrochemical sensors. Such sensors can be used in a variety of analyte monitoring devices to monitor analyte amount or concentrations in subjects, for example, glucose monitoring devices to monitor glucose levels in subjects with diabetes.

An improved platinum and method for manufacturing the improved platinum wherein the platinum having a fractal surface coating of platinum, platinum gray, with a increase in surface area of at least 5 times when compared to shiny platinum of the same geometry and also having improved resistance to physical stress when compared to platinum black having the same surface area. The process of electroplating the surface coating of platinum gray comprising plating at a moderate rate, for example at a rate that is faster than the rate necessary to produce shiny platinum and that is less than the rate necessary to produce platinum black. Platinum gray is applied to manufacture a fuel cell and a catalyst.

The present invention relates to wet noble metal smelting process. The process includes dissolution of coarse ammonium chloroplatinate with sodium hydroxide solution, reduction by adding hydrazine hydrate and filtering to obtain platinum black, hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid dissolution to obtain platinum black, adidng ammonium chloride for fractional deposition of platinum in the form of ammonium chloroplainate, and conventional calcinatino to obtain spongy platinum. The present invention has short technological process, low productino cost, low power consumption, and good operationcondition, and it is possible to produce various products in different grade.

The invention disclosed herein includes amperometric glucose sensors having electrodes formed from processes that electrodeposit platinum black in a manner that produces relatively smooth three dimensional metal architectures, ones that contribute to sensor reliability and stability. Embodiments of the invention provide analyte sensors having such uniform electrode architectures as well as methods for making and using these sensor electrodes. A number of working embodiments of the invention are shown to be useful in amperometric glucose sensors worn by diabetic individuals.

The invention discloses a catalyst using a metal oxide as a carrier for fuel cells and application thereof. The catalyst is characterized in that: the metal oxide as the carrier has catalytic oxygen evolution function simultaneously, and a noble metal with catalytic oxygen reduction function is supported on the metal oxide; the nanoparticles of the noble metal are highly dispersed on the surface of the metal oxide as the carrier, wherein the mass fraction of the noble metal is 2 to 70 percent in the catalyst. The catalyst alone or the catalyst mixed with platinum black in a certain proportionis applied to bifunctional oxygen electrodes for utilized regenerative fuel cells. Compared with the traditional mechanical mixture of platinum black and an oxide from catalytic oxygen evolution reaction, the fuel cell and water electrolysis performances of the cells are greatly improved, and the performance is close to that of a commercial Pt / C catalyst in fuel cells. The catalyst is applied to fuel cell oxygen electrodes to effectively solve the problems that the activity of the catalyst is deceased by the corrosion of the carrier.

Disclosed are an electrolysis vessel and an apparatus for generating electrolyzed water which are small in size, excellent in electrolysis efficiency, and enable to reduce the anion concentration in the acidic electrolyzed water. The electrolysis vessel comprises electrolysis chambers (10a, 10b) arranged opposite to each other with an ion-permeable separating membrane (2) interposed between, raw material water supply means (11a, 11b), electrodes (3a, 3b) so arranged as to have the separating membrane (2) between them, and electrolyzed water taking-out means (12a, 12b). The separating membrane (2) is an anion permeable membrane, and the electrodes (3a, 3b) are formed on respective sides of the anion permeable membrane (2) in an appressed manner, while leaving a portion of the anion permeable membrane (2) exposed. Only raw material water supplied to the cathode side electrolysis chamber (10b) contains an electrolyte. The electrodes (3a, 3b) are porous bodies and contain an electrode base composed of a powder titanium compound such as TiC or TiN, a catalyst such as platinum black or iridium black, and a binder such as PVA. The electrodes (3a, 3b) may have a mesh-like shape or a comb-like shape, and are formed by applying a conductive paste containing a conductive powder on respective sides of the anion permeable membrane (2) and heating or pressurizing the thus-applied paste.

An improved platinum surface coating and method for manufacturing the improved platinum surface coating wherein the platinum surface coating having a fractal surface coating of platinum [“platinum gray”] with a increase in surface area of at least 5 times when compared to shiny platinum of the same geometry and also having improved resistance to physical stress when compared to platinum black having the same surface area. The process of electroplating the surface coating of platinum gray comprising plating at a moderate rate, i.e., at a rate that is faster than the rate necessary to produce shiny platinum and that is less than the rate necessary to produce platinum black.

Provided is an electrolysis cell and an electrolyzed water producing equipment which are each small in size, has excellent electrolysis efficiency and can reduce an anion concentration in acidic electrolyzed water. The electrolysis cell is equipped with electrolysis rooms 10a and 10b located opposite to each other via an ion permeable membrane 2, raw water supply units 11a and 11b, electrodes 3a and 3bdisposed with the membrane interposed therebetween, and electrolyzed water discharge units 12a and 12b. The membrane 2 is an anion permeable film. The electrodes 3a and 3b are formed so as to firmly adhere to both surfaces of the anion permeable membrane 2 and expose a portion of the anion permeable membrane 2. Only raw water fed to the electrolysis room 10b on the cathode side contains an electrolyte. The electrodes 3a and 3b are porous and they each has an electrode base material made of a powdery titanium compound such as TiC or TiN, a catalyst such as platinum black or iridium black and a binder such as PVA. The electrodes 3a and 3b may be mesh-shaped or comb-shaped. The electrodes 3a and 3b are formed by applying a conductive paste containing conductive powders onto the surfaces of the anion permeable membrane 2, followed by heating or pressurization.

Electrocatalyst durability has been recently recognized as one of the most important issues that have to be addressed before the commercialization of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The present invention is directed to a new class of cathode catalysts based on supportless platinum nanotubes (PtNTs) and platinum alloy nanotubes, for example, platinum-palladium nanotubes (PtPdNTs), that have remarkable durability and high catalytic activity. Due to their unique combination of dimensions at multiple length scales, the platinum nanotubes of the present invention can provide high platinum surface area due to their nanometer-sized wall thickness, and have the potential to eliminate or alleviate most of the degradation pathways of the commercial carbon supported platinum catalyst (Pt/C) and unsupported platinum-black (PtB) as a result of their micrometer-sized length. The platinum nanotube catalysts of the present invention asymptotically approach a maximum of about twenty percent platinum surface area loss in durability test, while the commercial PtB and Pt/C catalysts lose about fifty-one percent and ninety percent of their initial surface area, respectively. Moreover, the PtNT and PtPdNT catalysts of the present invention show higher mass activity and much higher specific activity than commercial Pt/C and PtB catalysts.

An electrode surface coating and method for manufacturing the electrode surface coating comprising a conductive substrate; a surface coating of platinum having a rough configuration and an increase in the surface area of 5 times to 500 times of the corresponding surface area resulting from the basic geometric shape of the electrode. A method for electroplating an electrode surface with platinum coating having a rough surface, comprising electroplating the surface of a conductive substrate at a rate such that the metal particles form on the conductive substrate faster than necessary to form shiny platinum and slower than necessary to form platinum black.

The use of fuel cells to produce electricity are known as an environmentally clean and reliable source of energy, and show promise as an automotive power source if the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell can be made less expensive, more durable, reduce or eliminate humidification of the reactive gases, and operate at temperatures encountered during automotive operating conditions. The use of an electro-catalyst formed from heteropoly acids immobilized by a conductive material, such as carbon or platinum black, and stabilizing a metallic black with the immobilized conductive material addressed these automotive fuel cell needs. Coating the fuel cell electrode, polymer electrolyte assembly with a nano-particle catalyst derived from a heteropoly acid provided anodic carbon monoxide tolerance at anodic overpotentials and an active cathodic oxygen reduction. The heteropoly acids can also function as supercapacitor electrode films.

An anode catalyst suitable for use in an electrolyzer. The anode catalyst includes a support and a plurality of catalyst particles disposed on the support. The support may include a plurality of metal oxide or doped metal oxide particles. The catalyst particles, which may be iridium, iridium oxide, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, platinum, and/or platinum black particles, may be arranged to form one or more aggregations of catalyst particles on the support. Each of the aggregations of catalyst particles may include at least 10 particles, wherein each of the at least 10 particles is in physical contact with at least one other particle. The support particles and their associated catalyst particles may be dispersed in a binder.

A highly porous flexible carbon counter electrode used for solar battery of the dye sensitize amino-quinoline thin film is provided, which comprises an composite film composed by a carboform membrane layer with a microstructure of three dimensional porous diffusion and polyafluortetraethylene thin membrane layer; a titanium dioxide semiconductor expanded film equipped on the said composite film as the working electrode of the semiconductor. The preparation method of the electrode is: greying the arboform membrane and platinum black to the nanometer-carried; sensitizing the counter electrode used of the solar battery with the dye of the composite film, which forms dye sensitize solar battery with the working electrode of the semiconductor oxide based on the rigid stratum; greying the arboform membrane and platinum black to the nanometer-carried, which is composed with the polyafluortetraethylene thin membrane to form a composite film, which forms dye sensitize solar battery with the working electrode of the semiconductor oxide based on the rigid stratum.

The invention provides a method for separating and extracting platinum group metals. The method comprises the steps that the palladium concentration of feed liquid containing the platinum group metals is controlled to be 1.5-5.5g/L, the electric potential of the feed liquid is controlled to be 850-950mv, palladium is extracted by means of S201 organic phases, and palladium is extracted from the palladium-loaded organic phases through the following process. Ammonium chloride is added into palladium extraction raffinate to deposit platinum, obtained ammonium chloroplatinate is subjected to reduction and dissolution by being added with hydrazine dihydrochloride solution and is heated to 90-95 DEG C, and chlorine gas is introduced; after the obtained ammonium chloroplatinate is repeatedly subjected to the hydrazine dihydrochloride reduction process for 2-3 times, and high-purity platinum black can be obtained by reducing the ammonium chloroplatinate through the hydrazine dihydrochloride according to the mass ratio of 1:1. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the process is simple, the precious metal separation efficiency is high, generation of a larger amount of ammonia-contained waste gas is avoided in the process of reducing ammonium chloroplatinate through hydrazine hydrate, and no nitrogen oxide pollution is produced.

The invention relates to a novel biological enzyme sensor capable of being implanted into a human body and a production method thereof. The surface of a substrate is cleaned via polishing, degreasing, activation and other physical and chemical processes, and the metal substrate is then coated with a layer of platinum black, platinum or gold via electroplating or sputtering. The surface of an electrode is modified with a layer of enzyme, the biological enzyme is cured through polymer embedding or cross-linking, one or more biocompatible polymer material(s) is/are used as a carrier, and the polymer material(s) as the carrier at least comprise(s) a polyamino, polyhydroxy or polythiol group. Reaction of polyisocyanate with polydimethylsiloxane and polyether polyol or polyester polyol, a small number of chain extenders are added, polyurethane prepolymer is produced, cross-linking curing of polyurethane prepolymer and polymer material(s) in the biological enzyme layer is carried out, the adhesion of the film can be improved, and the bio-sensing layer cannot fall off in long-time testing of an animal body or a human body. The method is simple, and the produced biological enzyme sensor has excellent mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, adhesion and resistance to protein adsorption.

The invention discloses a kind of high-purity large-specific-surface platinum black and a preparation method thereof. The prepared platinum black has the average grain size being 2 microns, is spheroid and has the purity greater than 99.99 wt% and the specific surface greater than 27 m<2>/g. The platinum black for fuel cells is subject to reducing preparation through atomizing pelletizing and microwave calcinations. The platinum black has the purity greater than 99.99%, the average grain size being 2 microns and the specific surface greater than 27 m<2>/g and is spheroid. Platinum powder can be used for producing fuel cell electrode materials and has great market demands and wide application prospects. Meanwhile, the platinum powder can also be used for other catalyst fields.

An air filter for an internal combustion engine having a rigid type ceramic filter element made by foaming oxygen-rich ceramic powder for creating a plurality of pass-through holes. In this way, the incoming air obtains a thorough contact with the oxygen-rich powder. Meanwhile, the material of the oxygen-rich ceramic releases negative ions to activate the air entering into the internal combustion engine. Moreover, nano-sized platinum black is coated to the surface of the pass-through holes of the ceramic filter element. So, the incoming air passing through the pass-through holes of the ceramic filter element is catalyzed in chemical reactions to divide the water molecule cluster into smaller particles. Meanwhile, the freedom of water molecule is increased to permit an instant decomposition of oxygen and nitrogen molecules, a complete combination with the fuel injected into the internal combustion engine, and a thorough mixing and a better combustion efficiency.

The invention provides a method for separating and purifying platinum metals through solvent extraction, relates to a metal separating and purifying method, and particularly relates to a method for separating platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium from a solution, slag or secondary resource containing platinum metals. The method is characterized in that the purifying process comprises the following steps: (1) chloridizing and dissolving materials containing platinum metals; (2) adding ammonium oxalate to perform copper-nickel precipitation separation; (3) adding organic reducing agent vitamin C to perform platinum-palladium precipitation reaction; (4) performing aqua regia dissolution and denitration on the platinum-palladium-containing precipitation slag, and feeding into a diisoamyl thioether platinum-palladium extraction separation procedure; and (5) adding manganese dioxide and introducing chlorine gas into the rhodium-iridium-containing filtrate, reacting, and feeding into a tributyl phosphate rhodium-iridium extraction separation procedure. According to the method provided by the invention, the platinum-palladium and rhodium-iridium separation rates are high, and further platinum-palladium separation and rhodium-iridium separation can be realized easily through subsequent extraction; after conventional refining, platinum black and palladium black of which the purities are above 99.99% can be produced, and spongy platinum and spongy palladium products meeting the national standard have been produced after treatment of subsequent procedures; and the purities of the produced rhodium powder and iridium powder can be up to 99.95%.

The invention provides a method for preparing a platinum black/ platinum ruthenium black nano electro-catalyst by using a sacrificial magnesia carrier. The method is used for preparing the platinum black/ platinum ruthenium black nano electro-catalyst based on a metallic carbonyl cluster path, and comprises the steps of synthesis of a catalyst precursor, namely a metallic carbonyl cluster, injection of magnesia, heat treatment of an intermediate of the catalyst, dissolution of the magnesia and post treatment of the catalyst. The method specifically comprises the following steps of: introducing CO under an alkali condition to react with the precursor of the electro-catalyst to obtain the metallic carbonyl cluster, adding the magnesia in a protective atmosphere, stirring, and transferring the solvent at the temperature of between 30 and 120 DEG C in the protective atmosphere; performing heat treatment; and adding an acid solution to dissolve the magnesia, heating, performing post treatment, and thus obtaining the platinum black/ platinum ruthenium black nano electro-catalyst with the particle diameter of 2 to 20 nanometers and narrow particle size distribution. The electro-catalyst is suitable for a cathode and an anode of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.

The invention relates to the field of organic high-molecular chemistry and discloses an N-heterocyclic carbene platinum complex metal carboxylate integrated catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes following steps: (1) carrying out a reaction between alkyl imidazole and halogenated carboxylic acid to obtain a carboxylic acid functionalized imidazolium salt; (2) carrying out a reaction with chlorides of ferrous, copper, zinc, calcium or magnesium to obtain a imidazole-based ionic liquid containing carboxylates containing the ferrous, the copper, the zinc, the calcium or the magnesium; (3) preparing an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand from the ionic liquid under effect of potassium tert-butyl alcohol; and (4) carrying out a reaction with a Karstedt catalyst to prepare the N-heterocyclic carbene platinum complex metal carboxylate integrated catalyst. The catalyst is high in selectivity, is free of generation of platinum black precipitation, is easy to separate and can be recycled.

The invention discloses a power generation system coupling photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and photocatalytic fuel cells. A reaction block is internally provided with a vertically cut-through reaction chamber, and the left end and right end of the reaction block are respectively provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet that are communicated with the reaction chamber. The upper end opening of the reaction chamber is sealed by upper conductive glass, the upper conductive glass surface facing the reaction chamber is coated with a photocatalyst. The lower end opening of the reaction chamber is sealed by a seal plate, which is formed by splicing of left lower conductive glass and a right carbon cloth, the carbon cloth surface facing the reaction chamber is coated with a platinum black catalyst, and the carbon paper is connected to the upper conductive glass through a lead. The system provided by the invention integrates photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide and power generation of photocatalytic fuel cells, couples the two reaction processes, reduces the raw material cost of fuel cells, and realizes zero discharge of carbon dioxide.