The invention provides an aqueous epoxy zinc-enriched antirust priming paint for railway steel bridges and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of paints. The priming paintcomprises a component (a) and a component (b) according to a mass ratio of 1:4. The component (a) is prepared from following raw materials: aqueous epoxy resin emulsion, graphene coated glass fibers,nano antimony doped tin dioxide, nano titanium dioxide, an epoxy silane coupling agent, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol mono-methyl ether, an antifoaming agent (A), and deionized water; and the component (b) is prepared from following raw materials: a cardanol modified polyamide curing agent, zinc powder, a filling material, a thixotropic agent, an antifoaming agent (B), a dispersant, a flush-rust resistant agent, and a mixed solvent. By adding graphene coated glass fibers and nano antimony doped tin dioxide into the paint, the prepared epoxy zinc-enriched antirust priming paint has an excellent corrosion resistant performance, a strong adhesion force, and good weatherability even if the zinc powder content is low.