The invention discloses a wear-resistant and high temperature-resistant ceramic mold material and a preparation method thereof. The material is prepared by aluminum magnesium silicate, nanometer cerium dioxide, nanometer zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, silicon carbide, chromium, nickel, iron, copper, sulfur, borax, carbon fibers, tributyl tin trichloride, butyl methacrylate and ethylenediamine; the raw materials are put in a ball mill for ball milling to obtain stable suspension slurry after being mixed in proportion; tributyl tin trichloride, butyl methacrylate and ethylenediamine are added for ball milling and vacuum foam removal, are injected in a mold for in-situ solidification and colloidal molding, are dried at room temperature, are demolded and dried, are charged in a furnace, and remove glue in vacuum; nitrogen is introduced for heating and pressurization; the furnace is stopped through power failure; and the raw materials are discharged from the furnace after cooling to prepare the wear-resistant and high temperature-resistant ceramic mold material. The mold structure has excellent heat stability, wear resistance and high-temperature resistance, also has excellent toughness, thermal shock resistance and mechanical strength, and prominently prolongs the mold service life.