The invention provides a composite bioceramic material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: S1, porous hydroxyapatite, two-phase calcium phosphate ceramic, octacalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, calcium nitrate, ramie seed gum, carbon spheres, nano titania, chitosan, nano zinc oxide, strontium carbonate and distilled water are mixed, and the mixture is ball-milled in a planetary ball mill; S2, polylactic acid, phenolic epoxy resin and 3,3'-diaminodipropylamine are added, and the mixture is stirred at the rotating speed of 100-200 r/min; S3, a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene pentaerythrilol ether and polyethylene glycol are added, and the mixture is stirred and then placed in a vacuum drying oven to be vacuumized for defoaming treatment; S4, the obtained mixture is poured in a freeze casting device and a frozen green body is obtained; S5, the green body is placed in a sintering furnace to be sintered for 3-4 h after being freeze-dried, and the composite bioceramic material is obtained. The composite bioceramic material has very good biocompatibility and good mechanical performance.