The invention relates to a dyeing and retanning tanning process, which comprises a softening and through-dyeing process and a color fixing and fixing process. The dyeing and retanning tanning process is characterized in that: the softening and through-dyeing process comprises the steps of adding normal-temperature water, wet blue leather, MND1717, MND3009, MND2031, MND2010, MND7010, sodium formate or sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and dye by weight into a revolving drum, revolving for more than 2 hours, checking that the center of the obtained product is penetrated, stopping the drum, and keeping stand the obtained product overnight; and the color-fixing and fixing process comprises the steps of adding methanoic acid and MND1717 into a drum provided with a leather blank subjected to softening and through-dyeing treatments in the softening and through-dyeing process, in the same bath, adjusting the pH value, adding a chrome tanning agent, MND3009, MND2031, MND2010, glutaraldehyde or fatty aldehyde, and a mildew inhibitor into the drum, revolving for more than 4 hours, rinsing, taking the obtained product out of the drum, coating and finishing according to the conventional process. Compared with the prior art, the dyeing and retanning tanning process has the advantages of simple process, wide scope of application, capability of improving the quality of finished leather, raw material and labor saving, reduction of labor intensity, energy saving, effective reduction of wastewater discharge, and lower manufacturing cost.