The invention discloses a rich-nutrient straw fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of urea, 5-12 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 6-10 parts of fishbone dust, 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.2-0.6 part of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.6 part of EDTA chelated zinc, 0.4-0.8 part of copper carbonate, 2-4 parts of manganese sulfate, 2-6 parts of bamboo powder composite guar gum, 60-100 parts of straw, 2-6 parts of zeolite powder, 20-40 parts of cotton seed pulp, 5-15 parts of soybean flour, 10-20 parts of peanut vine, 10-18 parts of nectar powder, 1-4 parts of dextrin, 5-12 parts of shellac, 0.01-0.06 part of streptomycete, 0.12-0.35 part of Aspergillus oryzae, 0.01-0.06 part of Bacillus licheniformis and 0.02-0.04 part of Bacillus subtilis.