The invention discloses an efficient micro-sand circulating precipitation device and relates to the technical field of sewage treatment. Which comprises a flocculation reaction system, a curing reaction zone, an efficient precipitator, a flocculant dosing device and a micro sand circulating system, the flocculation reaction system is arranged in the efficient precipitator and comprises an inner barrel, a stirring shaft is rotatably arranged in the inner barrel, a mixed reaction zone is arranged at the upper end in the flocculation reaction system, and the flocculant dosing device is arranged in the mixed reaction zone. The outer side of the inner barrel body is connected with a sewage pipe, the upper end of the sewage pipe is provided with a static mixer and a check valve, on the basis of the traditional flocculation and sedimentation tank theory, micro sand is added to accelerate flocculation agglomeration and sedimentation, the retention time of the sedimentation tank is shortened, rapid solid-liquid separation is achieved, the device is integrally designed, the occupied area and energy consumption are saved, and the device is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The device consists of a flocculation reaction system, a curing reaction area, an efficient precipitator, a flocculating agent dosing device, a macromolecular coagulant aid dosing device, a rotational flow mud-sand separation device, a micro sand circulation supplementing device and a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) electrical control system.