The invention relates to the technical field of organic material preparation, in particular to a method for rapidly preparing a two-dimensional covalent organic framework material at a low temperatureand the two-dimensional covalent organic framework material. The material is obtained by reacting aromatic amine with aromatic aldehyde at the temperature of 0 DEG C to room temperature, wherein thearomatic amine is one or more of 1, 4-phenylenediamine, 1, 4-biphenyl diamine, 4, 4', 4''-(1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4, 6-triyl)triphenylamine, 1, 3, 5-tri(4-aminophenyl)benzene, tri(4-aminophenyl)amine, tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin and tetra (4-aminophenyl)methane, the aromatic aldehyde is one or more of aromatic aldehyde containing pyridine and phenazine structures, 3, 3'-dipyridine-6, 6'-diformaldehyde, 2, 2'-dipyridine-5, 5'-diformaldehyde, 5,5',5''-(phenyl-1, 3, 5-triyl)tripyridylaldehyde, 6,6',6'''-(phenyl-1, 3, 5-triyl)tripyridylaldehyde, and the molar ratio of the aromatic amine to the aromatic aldehyde is (0.1-10): 1.